Problem Solving Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Problem Solving - Research Paper Example Using the problem solving technique, which implies that in order to come up with a well-informed solution to a particular problem, you must apply the following interrelating selections, depending on the type of the problem you are facing. They include: b) Analyzing the problem assessing the current situation by understanding the source of the problem, how it coexists with the present development and whether there is a favorable environment to facilitate evaluation of solutions. It also involves setting an assessment criterion for evaluating options. c) Generate multiple solutions to your problem that seem viable without necessarily judging the potentiality of the solution you have stated. Therefore, will help capture the options that can be used to come up with a solution. basically, this primarily involves the quantity and not the quality of the idea. d) Analyze the possible solutions shortlisted earlier noting the advantage and disadvantage side of the potential solution without evaluating it. additionally, thi may be done by listing the pros and cons of each possible solution and weighing them against each other. This comparison is essential in determining which solution seems valid for the case. e) Select the best solution by looking for the various influencing factors of the possible solutions and can be through weighing the advantages of a potential solution and consider the viability of each. morover, you may end up with many or no viable solution calling for re-evaluating the problem again or even looking at the problem definition once more. f) Jot down the next course of action that you are going to take or rather the implementation of the potential solution or solutions. It takes a course of actions at different times in the future in a sequential order. This take time since implementation is a process. The problem in scenario one is actually deliberating on finishing my education,

Positioning and Differentiation Paper - Health Care Marketing Research

Positioning and Differentiation - Health Care Marketing - Research Paper Example The main objective of the paper is to identify the positioning and differentiation strategies of two healthcare organizations i.e. Cascade Valley Hospital & Clinics and Overlake Hospital Medical Center. The study will also endeavor at finding similarities and differentiating aspects between the two healthcare organizations. Differentiation and Positioning Strategies of Overlake Hospital Medical Center Overlake Hospital Medical Center is a nonprofit regional medical centre that provides its patients with highly developed medical related services. The organization is monitored by a Board of Directors. The company has nearly 2500 employees and has nearly 1000 active as well as courtesy physicians as the workforce (Overlake Hospital, 2012). It can be mentioned that innumerable strategies are employed by the healthcare organizations in order to keep themselves competitive. Overlake Hospital Medical Center situated at Belluvue has commenced a cardiac blog. Through this cardiac blog, the or ganization aims at educating the patients regarding the methods through which heart diseases can be prevented (Overlake Hospital, 2012). ... s been created in order to attract, retain and thus ensure that all the parties involved are satisfied with the policies and the strategies of the company. The company has positioned itself as a liaison between nursing, administration along with human resources, foundation and community in order to collectively influence the resources, associations and policies so that Overlake Hospital can be placed as one of the most preferred hospitals/employers in the domestic market as well as abroad. Health Grades have offered Overlake Hospital with five-star designation on numerous grounds. Overlake Hospital offers high quality of care and support to the patients who are suffering from cancer as well as other emergencies. The integrated cancer care team of the hospital generally has one objective which is to offer the patients suffering from cancer with expert care that has been customized to the unique requirements of each of the patients. The trademark of quality care is compassion, skilled care as well as speed at Overlake’s new Emergency & Trauma Center. The unit is considered to be the only Level III trauma centre on the Eastside (KMPG, 2011). It has been observed that the hospital offers care without charge and at reduced rates to the patients who are capable of qualifying for charity care as per the rules and the regulations of the hospital. During the year 2010 and 2011, the cost of charity was nearly US$5561000 and US$4507000 respectively (KMPG, 2011). Overlake Hospital as a part of its differentiation strategy offers care to the Medicaid patients at a price which is quite below the cost of offering the services. The hospital is also involved in numerous other activities in order to maintain competitive advantage. It has been apparent that the company is involved in

Application of Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)

Application of Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) Leslie Bruchey Elements of the Professional Nursing Role Nursing care is provided in all hospitals, in different states, different countries with different practices. But with that being said, the nursing process using NANDA –I Taxonomy of Nursing diagnoses, the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) can provide some standards in care where it is received. Throughout this paper, we will discuss a clinical case that uses these tools in providing care and looking at the patient outcome and discuss the systems that were in place. Clinical Encounter This patient was admitted to a medical surgical unit with the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis, shortness of breath and pain with inspiration, atrial fibrillation and MRSA in the urine. Patient’s other history included chronic kidney disease, oxygen dependent at home and a low ejection fraction. With this being said, this patient had several things happening, but was being treated with antibiotics and Cardizem to control A-Fib. In the middle of the night, the patient was a rapid response for hypotension and moved to the intensive care. Because of a previous echo that revealed the patient’s EF was only 12%, large fluid boluses were not really an option to treat hypotension. The hypotension was caused by a few different reasons, the nurse in med surg had given this patient multiple blood pressure medications, and the critical care doctor felt that she was becoming septic due to her presentation. Also, the critical care doctor decided that the patient needed a stat VQ scan to rule out the possibility of a pulmonary embolism. The patient results concluded that there was a high probability of a pulmonary embolism which warranted the patient to be placed on IV heparin, have a venous ultrasound of her legs and an echo. These tests reviewed no clots in her legs or heart. With heparin, a PT/INR was drawn for baseline and then a hep xa was drawn every 6 hours until the heparin was therapeutic. A BNP and CBC were drawn to monitor blood cell counts and a central line was placed and the patient was placed on Levophed to prevent hypotension for a few hours. After a few hours, the patient was able to keep blood pressure controlled without medications. Antibiotics were continued as patients WBC’s were 14000 and the patient was continuously monitored in the ICU for a few days. CVP’s were measured at 5 and urine output was monitored closely. Nursing Diagnosis This patient had multiple nursing diagnoses’ that fit her condition. One of the diagnoses that fit this patient is decreased cardiac output. With the patient being in A-fib and with an EF of only 12% this patient does not have optimal cardiac output. The patient also prevents with hypotension which is believed to may have been caused by medications that effect preload and afterload which will also decrease the cardiac output of this patient. This diagnosis is a part of NANDA- I Taxonomy of Nursing Diagnoses and falls under domain 4 Activity and Rest and class 4 which discusses Cardiovascular/ Pulmonary Responses (NANDA, 2012). Nursing Interventions Classification Interventions The following are nursing interventions that were used on this patient using the NIC (Nursing Interventions Classification). Hemodynamic Regulation (4150) Definition: â€Å"Optimization of heart rate, preload, afterload and contractility† (Bulechek, Butcher, Dochterman, 2008) Ways to intervene: Patient was placed on a presser, i.e Levophed to cause vasoconstriction and promote an increase in blood pressure A small 250ml fluid bolus was given prior to coming to the intensive care unit The patient was placed on hemodynamic monitoring to check central venous pressures and allowed us to monitor fluid status Medication parameters were in place for medications that would effect HR, preload, afterload Oxygen Therapy (3320): Definition: â€Å"Administration of oxygen and monitoring of its effectiveness† (Bulechek, Butcher, Dochterman, 2008) Ways to intervene: Oxygen provided by nasal cannula was titrated by oxygen saturation, patient was on 3L. Continuous oxygen saturation monitoring by a pulse ox on the finger. Respirations and patient comfort were also monitored, i.e. no shortness of breath or trouble breathing. Urinary Catheterization (0580): Definition: â€Å"Insertion of a catheter into the bladder for temporary or permanent drainage of urine† (Bulechek, Butcher, Dochterman, 2008). Ways to intervene: Foley was placed to monitor urine output. Output was monitored to check fluid balance because of patient’s history of CKD, the MRSA infection and having a low ejection fraction. The catheter was temporary and was used for strict input and output. Family Presence Facilitation (7170): Definition: â€Å"Facilitation of the family’s presence in support of an individual undergoing resuscitation and or invasive procedures† (Bulechek, Butcher, Dochterman, 2008). Ways to intervene: Family contacted because patient was moved to intensive care and needed a emergent central line placement. Patient was extremely anxious and requested that we contact her family to come in for needed support. Family came in and educated on what happened and any other information that was needed at that time. Nursing Outcomes Classification Outcomes Now that we have defined a nursing diagnosis and provided some interventions that this patient needed, it is time to discuss the patient outcome. These interventions help the patient achieve multiple goals and as a nurse, all of our interventions help us improve patient outcomes. This patient has multiple nursing diagnoses, but because decreased cardiac output was addressed, the outcome will be as follows: Cardiac Pump Effectiveness (0400) Definition: â€Å"Adequacy of blood volume ejected from the left ventricle to support systemic perfusion pressure† (Moorhead, Johnson, Maas, Swanson, 2008). The patient will be able to maintain blood pressure without pressers. Patient will have a follow up echo that showed her ejection fraction was 45%. Patient will have adequate urine output. CVP measurements will be within normal limits. Patient will have activity tolerance when getting out of bed and ambulating around room. Patient will continue outpatient rehab to rebuild strength over time. Advantages and Disadvantages The nursing process allows for a standard of care to be provided anywhere that a nurse cares for a patient. With being able to identify what the patients problems are through a nursing diagnosis, we are able to next focus on the interventions that best fit and will provide the best patient outcome. When looking at a patient, we all have our own outcomes that we want to achiever to better the patient. In the patient above, there are many problems that could results in a long list of nursing diagnoses. With being able to focus on one at a time, a nurse is able to think about the needed steps to achieve the positive outcome that we all look at. With using the NIC, NOC and NANDA-I, nurses anywhere are able to identify a problem, the steps to improve the problems and the hopefully outcome for this issue. While these tools help standardize care that nurses provide and focus on and to make sure that the needed interventions to improve the outcome are being performed and are being documented . It is important that the nurse can focus on the needs of the patient and to take credit for all the important things we do during our time with a patient. I also think the nursing process is great for other disciplines to look out what nursing is focusing on and also may help guide the rest of the care that is provided. With this documenting process and just using in the clinical setting, newer nursing can use it to help focus the care their patients may need. These tools are a great resource for nurses but they do have some disadvantages. In day to day care in the nursing realm, these tools are a great resource, but in reality are hard to find time to access and continually document on them. I have seen these types of programs being used in the clinical setting and because nurses are busy, some just copy and paste the same thing over and over day to day. This does not show how we are intervening to meet the outcome. If used right, it is a great tool, but there are a lot of nurses that look at it as just another silly hoop to jump through during patient care and just another thing to document. Some nurses do not take the time to think about what interventions would help our patients. Also, I think that the various lists are good; however, sometimes it is hard to find the exact name of the intervention that we want to use. It takes time to look through the list to find the exact intervention or outcome that best fits out patient needs. Also, it would be hard to get all nurses on board to document with this type of syste m because some are resistant to change and others just are already overwhelmed with the amount of documentation that is required throughout the day. Conclusion The NIC, NOC and NANDA-I Taxonomy of Nursing Diagnoses are a great guide for standard nursing care. Anyone can use these documents to help focus the care their patients need. I believe documenting to nursing process throughout this system will allow for better patient outcomes to continuously reevaluate what the patients’ needs are and what is going on with a patient. Other disciplinary team members would be able to look at what the problems nursing are focusing on and see where they can help support that patients care. Overall, the standardized care would support patient outcomes and allow for nurses to focus on what they can do, improving the patients care by identifying problems, inventions and outcomes. References Bulechek, G.M., Butcher, H. K., Dochterman, J.C. (Eds.). (2008). Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Moorhead, S., Johnson, M., Maas, M., Swanson, E. (Eds.) (2008). Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) (4th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby/Elsevier. NANDA International. (2012). NANDA international nursing diagnoses: Definitions classification 2012-2014. T.H. Herdman, (ED.). Kaukauna, WI: Author.

In Praise of Folly - Erasmus Dichotomy Essay -- In Praise of Folly Es

In Praise of Folly - Erasmus' Dichotomy      Ã‚   The Silenus box is a "case carved like an ugly Silenus" that can be "opened to reveal beautiful, precious objects" (Erasmus 43, footnote). This box appears in Erasmus' Praise of Folly as a metaphor for the central claim in the novel, which is that that which appears to be Folly (ugly) externally, is wise (precious) within. Erasmus reveals this dichotomy on three levels: in the image of the box itself, in his genuine praise of Folly, and in the structure of the novel as a whole. Erasmus, using the female voice of Folly, introduces his reader to the image of the Silenus box early in the text, thereby allowing his reader to carry the image with her for the rest of her time reading (and see its metaphoric nature when appropriate). Folly makes the introduction, saying, "All human affairs... have two aspects quite different from each other." She then goes on to explain that this means, according to Plato, that things that "appear 'at first blush'... to be death, will, if you examine [them] more closely, turn out to be life... in brief, you will find everything suddenly reversed if you open the Silenus" (43). In more direct terms, something which on its surface seems one way (the 'bad' way), has opposite ('good') guts. In The Praise of Folly, the pair of opposites that Erasmus focuses on is that of folly and wisdom. By including a passage dedicated to the description of the Silenus, Erasmus gives his readers a concrete picture to grasp onto that stands for the novel's link between this pair of opposites, which is that wisdom comes under the wrapping of folly. The passage allows the reader to understand this central concept more easily. The concept, in its many manifestations, c... ...this same literary tradition, Rabelais utilizes this peculiar narrative technique in Gargantua and Pantagruel, where he too hides the wisdom in his work behind the veil of foolish, and even vulgar, language. Erasmus' inclusion of the passage explaining the Selenus box allows it to be a metaphor for the central concept in the novel. Through its presence, Erasmus gives us, his readers, a tool with which to separate the layers of his text. Without it, we might be stranded (after reading) with the inaccurate belief that Erasmus was a babbling hypocrite, with contradictory ideas sprinkled throughout his work. But, I suppose, we could have just attributed that fault to Folly, who is always more than willing to accept such a title. Work Cited Erasmus, D. 1511. In Praise of Folly. (Translated by L. Dean and republished by Hendricks House Farrar Straus. 1946.)

An individual written report on integrated marketing communication Essay

1. Introduction The purpose of the essay is to explore integrated marketing communications (IMC), its definitions and issues, and the importance of a target audience within IMC. It also demonstrates the perspectives of integrated brand promotion and the comparison between integrated marketing communications and integrated brand promotion (IBP). All these elements are supported by a number of organizations that are well- known in their industry. this essay provides and discuss some examples Communications Theory helps to understand the audience’s needs, emotions, interests and activities which are necessary to ensure the accuracy and relevance of any message. Simple communications theory shows a sender sending a message to the receiver, who receives and understands it. However, in real life, many messages are simply ignored, misunderstood or fail loss (Multimediamarketing, 2014) 2. Integrated marketing communications (IMC). IMC is a developing method shown to demonstrate the benefits of marketing communication across all functions of a company that affects customer needs. One of the definitions of IMC is ‘’ the process of managing all sources of information about a product, service to which a customer or prospect is exposed, which behaviorally moves the consumer toward a sale, maintains customer loyalty’’ (Thorson,1996). According to the above definition, integrated marketing communication focuses on behavioral responses from the customer and builds relationships between customer and brand. Another definition of IMC is â€Å"a concept of marketing communications planning that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines-for example, general advertising, direct response, sales promotion, and public relations-and combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communications impact† (Marketing Executives, 2014). This  definition mentions some of the components of integrated marketing communications such as advertising, direct response, sales promotion, and public relations.by brining together all these tools, one can achieve an effective campaign. IMC is directed by its use of different medias to send out the message about one product. 2.1 IMC and organizations The organization can benefit from IMC by consolidating its image, developing a discussion and supporting its relationship with customers. There are many organizations that have been extremely successful and doing excellent jobs of integrating their communication efforts such as Ben & Jerry’s, Nike, The Body Shop, Banana Republic and Apple. These companies established strong brand images by their communication plans which have been an honest outgrowth of their corporate culture (Thorson, 1996). For instance, Guinness is the well-known Irish beer maker that applies the integrated marketing communications strategy. In 2007, it introduced with a campaign that used various media to develop messages and advertisements. Guinness developed ‘Its Alive; this idea extended across all of the communication’s channels. Also, instead of developing separate messages, communications and marketing campaigns for each type of mass media, it chose to improve one main message to interact with its target demographic, which savs time, money and resources (Marketing Executives, 2014) Another example for a company that uses an integrated marketing communication strategy is The Body Shop which has various values such as being against animal testing, protecting human rights and the environment. However, these values have not been communicated clearly to the target market. As a result, The Body Shop launched a campaigns focused on re-communicating those values more clearly and effectively, such as Love Your Body, Love Your Community (LYBLTC). 2.2 Target audience Successful business organizations that use integrated marketing communications have their style of reaching target audiences. They can develop and send messages that are valuable and well-presented, which may cause target audiences to express behavioral, attitudinal and emotional responses. For example, in the United Kingdom, O2, a mobile telecommunications company, developed a new campaign called ‘A world that  revolves around you.’ The main reason to create this campaign was prepay customers felt neglected. Approximately 50 per cent of O2’s customers took advantage of the campaign to benefit from the offer of a 10 percent refund of their quarterly top-ups. The target audience could understand the social media mix that was oriented around them. As a result, it created a successful media plan that involved email, SMS, MMS, online chat rooms and brand street events (Thorson, 1996). 3. Integrated brand promotion (IBP) Recently, more firms try to adopt an integrated brand promotion and avoid focusing on traditional mass media advertising. Integrated brand promotion is ‘’ the use of various promotional tools, including advertising in a coordinated manner to build and maintain brand awareness, identity, and preference’’(O’Guinn, Allen and Semenik, 2003) they mention different promotional tools that have been used instead of advertising, such as event sponsorship, direct marketing, sales promotion, and public relations. However, even though these new methods exist, we still require coordination with the advertising that remains. For example, Procter & Gamble, the company that started selling soap on the radio successfully shifted to selling soap on television. Today P&G sells many products besides soap. However, P&G’s customers have changed, and new IBP techniques are necessary for its brands. NBC Digital Networks and Starcom Media Vest Group are the partners P&G decided to work with to ensure that its brands are entrenched in the entertainment preferred by its targeted consumers. Additionally, P&G product promotions have moved to the Web like many other marketers by creating an online documentary series for its Pampers brand. P&G’s target audience is the couples who are expected to be prime prospects for P&G’s Pampers brand in the future. Integrated brand promotion tools are always preferred by marketers who directed at their target audiences (O’Guinn, Allen and Semenik, 2003) 4. Integrated marketing communication and integrated brand promotion Integrated marketing communications are often perceived as messages present in different mass media, and integrated brand promotion focuses on building a brand by looking at the purpose of that brand. These is All about identifying how the brand can improve consumer’s lives with its benefits, and create an experience for them that includes services, information, education and entertainment. It can build an entire  brand experience. IBP expresses the company vision and its personality by focusing on the brand that is the foundation for integrated marketing communications. Furthermore, IMC and IBP help companies generate more revenue because IMC achieves companies’s objective in increasing the return on marketing spending and IBP can make the brand more appeal and trustworthy (Thorson, 1996). 5. Conclusion This essay has examined IMC and IBP definitions, events and issues related to both strategies. Also, it describes the importance of audiences within IMC compared to IBP, and presented some successful industry examples, such as Guinness, The Body Shop, P&G and O2. 1089 words 6. References: Thorson, E. 1996. Integrated communication. Mahwah, N. J.: Erlbaum. Marketing Executives. 2014. Integrated Marketing: What It Is and Why You Should Embrace It – Part 1. [online] Available at: http://www.marketingexecutives.biz/integrated-marketing-what-it-and-why-you-should-embrace-it-part-1 [Accessed: 11 May 2014]. Multimediamarketing.com, (2014). Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC). [online] Available at: http://www.multimediamarketing.com/mkc/marketingcommunications/ [Accessed 12 May. 2014]. O’Guinn, T., Allen, C. and Semenik, R. (2003). Advertising and integrated brand promotion. 1st ed. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western.

Vodafone AirTouch’s bid for Mannesmann

First of all, one has to mention that it is always difficult to evaluate a company. There is no single measure/calculation who can give you the valuation of a company. The value of a company can be different for every single human being. For instance, Vodafone Air Touch will try to calculate a very low valuation of the company because it wants to pay as less as possible, and Mannesmann a very high valuation, because it wants to get as much money as possible. As a result, it often depends on the interest of the different persons who evaluate a company. In October 1999, Mannesmann offered shares around 157. â‚ ¬. This was before the acquisition of Orange PLC, a competitor of Vodafone Air Touch in the UK market. After the acquisition, Vodafone offered 266â‚ ¬ per share, 68% more than the 157. 8â‚ ¬ per share Mannesmann offered few weeks before. Despite, this very high premium, Mannesmann’s CEO evaluated his company 350â‚ ¬ per share. Here in this case, I think that the main reason for this high price differences is that with time, Mannesmann’s bargaining position changed. In the beginning, their position was not as strong as in the end when they achieved to acquire Orange Plc, a telecommunication company in the U. K. which was growing faster than Vodafone. As a result, Mannesmann became a stronger competitor for Vodafone and Mannesmann’s CEO knew that. As a consequence, he increased the valuation of his company. The reason why for instance an analyst from Julius Baar valuated Mannesmann between 250â‚ ¬ and 350â‚ ¬ per share and many other analysts between 174â‚ ¬ and 250â‚ ¬ per share may have some reasons. The main reason is that, as anticipated before, it is very difficult to evaluate a company. Furthermore, it is even more difficult to evaluate how many synergies Vodafone Air Touch would benefit from this takeover. So it is very difficult to evaluate how much this Mannesmann takeover could be worth for Vodafone Air Touch. Moreover, one has to check which analysts own stocks of Mannesmann or Vodafone because this may also influence the different evaluations. (2) In your opinion, in general, when a company is the target of a hostile takeover bid, who should decide whether the terms and conditions of this bid are acceptable? The Chief Executive Officer (or the equivalent) of the target company? Or its Chairperson (if another person than the CEO)? Its board of directors? Its shareholders ? If the shareholders, how practically should they make their decision? In my opinion, only the shareholders should take this type of decision. They are the one who own the company, and they should decide if they accept the takeover bid or not. If 50 % + X agree with the bid price, then the takeover should take place. Of course, before taking the decision, they should listen to the opinion of the CEO, the Chairperson, some analysts, as well as the Board of Directors. However, in my opinion, none of these key persons should take part of the decision making process. In my opinion, the shareholders are the one who own the company, and they should decide what should happen with their investment. For instance, let us assume the employees would take part of decision making process. Then, in most of the cases, the employees would vote against a take over, because they fear about their jobs. They would never take a neutral decision, but a decision which is the best for them, not caring about the fact that the shareholders loose a high premium. They, as well as the trade unions, would vote against an takeover because they fear for the jobs. However, they never think about the fact, that if the company is not taken over, the company who made a mid remains a competitor. And this competitor could increase its market share in spite of the smaller company that did not accept the takeover. And in this case, the employees of the smaller company would even risk to loose more jobs. The CEO and the the Chairperson should never take this type of decisions. Because, they are only in charge of the operations of the company, but they do not own the company. As a result, they should not decide about the matter. 3) In the case of the Vodafone AirTouch bid for Mannesmann, who should have made the decision ? (Please take into account the fact that Mannesmann had two boards, the supervisory board, and the management board) What do you think of the sentence in the fourth paragraph of page 5 of the case: â€Å"Esser rejected the offer on the grounds that it was inadequate† ? As stated before the shareholders should have taken this de cision. They own the company and if 50 % + X is in favour of Vodadone AirTouch’s bid, then the company should accept the bid. Let’s assume that you invested 50 000 â‚ ¬ in Mannesmann’s shares and now somebody is offering you 80 000 â‚ ¬ for the shares. Then you should decide if you accept this money, or if you think that your shares are much worthier in some months/years. In that case you vote against the hostile takeover. I think that this system makes the decision making also very rapid and efficient. In fact, if one would also ask the employees, some analysts and so on, then the decision making process would be much longer. As a result, I think that the shareholders should take the decision, after having listened to the different opinions of the CEO, employees, analysts,.. However, I think it inacceptable that Esser as the CEO of the company, who does not own many shares, rejects the offer in the name of all the investors. This cannot be tolerated. In fact, he is like an employee of Meeresmann, he does not own the company, and he should take the best decisions for his shareholders who in some way gave him this job as CEO. As a result, I think that he cannot take the decision to refuse a bid without having spoken with any shareholder of the company. This is not a personal decision, but a decision which influences all the stakeholders of the company. It is unacceptable that he takes the decision on behalf of all the share- and stakeholders. (4) If you had been a shareholder of Mannesmann on December 17, 1999, what would you have liked to say to Klaus Esser ? What would you have like to say to Chris Gent ? If you had had the opportunity to vote to accept or not Vodafone's bid, how would you have voted (please ignore the subsequent events not described in the case) ? As a shareholder of Mannesmann, I would liked to ask him why he refused an offer of 266â‚ ¬ per share, which is a premium of 72. 2 % compared to Mannesmann’s closing price on October 18th. I would blame him for not having asked the shareholder what they thought about the offer. He took a decision about something which did not own him, but where I owned a fraction. Finally, I would ask him if he could guarantee me that the share price of Meeresmann would be as high as the Vodafone AirTouch’s offer in the future. Only if this is the case, the Esser would be partly excused. I mention only partly, because even if he thinks that the share price of Meeresmann will be higher in the near future, then he should have explained that to the shareholders. And then, if the majority of the shareholders would agree, then he could refuse the offer. As a shareholder of Mannesmann, I would ask him what would be the strategy of Vodafone AirTouch after the acquisition of Meeresmann. This is important to me, because I will have to make an important decision if the hostile takeover is agreed: either I keep the Vodafone shares or I sell all the shares the day of the take over. In that way, I would gild the premium. I would definitely have accepted the deal. During that time, it was quite sure that a consolidation of the telecommunication market would happen. As a result, I think that it would have been very difficult for Meeresmann, as one of the smaller companies, to survive in that market environment. Furthermore, the offered premium was so high, that I could not deny this offer.

Being Bad in Spanish is Malo

Being Bad in Spanish is Malo Malo is a common Spanish adjective meaning bad or in some way undesirable. The translation can vary depending on context. Its feminine form is mala, and through the process of apocopation, which is shortening, it can become  mal when it comes before a singular masculine noun. Its usual adverb  form is mal, although the another related adverb form,  malamente, can be used to mean badly. As an adjective, malo, mala or mal can almost always be translated as bad, although other translations may be more suitable depending on the context. The plural forms are malos and malas. Mal-  is also a prefix that typically means bad or undesirable. An example of that would be maleducado, which means impolite, as someone who didnt learn their manners. Mal, Malo, Mala, Malos and Malas Used as Adjectives Form of Malo Spanish Sentence English Translation malo Quiero comprar un coche y tengo crdito malo. I want to buy a car and have bad credit. mala Muchas personas consideran que tienen mala memoria. Many people think they have a poor memory. malo No hay libro tan malo del que no se pueda aprender algo bueno. Theres no such thing as a book so bad that you cant learn something good from it. mal No puedo eliminar el mal olor de refrigerador. I cant get rid of the bad refrigerator smell. malo Hay algo malo con mi telfono? Is there something wrong with my telephone? mala El principal causante de la mala circulacin es la arterioesclerosis. The main cause of poor circulation is atherosclerosis. malas No estoy preparado para escuchar las malas noticias. Im not prepared to hear the bad news. malos Son los jugadores ms malos de la galaxia. Theyre the worse players in the galaxy. mal Los superhroes son un mal ejemplo para los adolescentes. Superheroes are a bad example for adolescents. Mal Used as an Adverb Common translations for mal as an adverb include badly and poorly, although others can be used as well to fit the context. Spanish Sentence English Translation Nadaron mal en el mundial. They swam poorly in the world competition Nuestro equipo estaba mal preparado. Our team was poorly prepared. Nuestros hijos comen mal. Our children eat poorly. Muchos pacientes estn mal diagnosticados. Many patients are incorrectly diagnosed. Mi bebe duerme mal durante la noche. My baby sleeps poorly at night. Estudiamos mal la historia de otros pases. We do a bad job of studying the history of other countries. Mal as an Adjective and Adverb at the Same Time Sometimes mal functions as an adverb in Spanish, such as with estar, but in English may be translated as an adjective.   Spanish Sentence English Translation Algo huele mal en mi casa. Something smells bad in my house. Me parece mal que no vengan todos. I feel bad that not everyone is coming. La ciudad no est mal, pero hay mucho desempleo. The city isnt bad, but there is much unemployment. Mal as a Noun Especially when used with estar, mal sometimes means sick or ill. Hoy yo y mi familia estamos mal, which means,  My family and I are sick today. This sentence can also be translated to mean literally and colloquially understood as feeling sick as in, My family and I feel poorly today. Mal can also be translated to mean evil. In this case, it would need the definite article the, literally translating to the bad, which is the Spanish way of saying evil.

Free Essays on Saturn Corporation Departmentalization

Saturn Corporation Departmentalization Introduction – Departmentalization is the basis on which jobs are grouped in order to accomplish organizational goals. Every organization has its own specific way of classifying and grouping work activities. The company we chose, Saturn, has a totally different approach to departmentalization than most companies. Saturn is built on partnerships and teamwork and a belief that good ideas can come from anyone. This is an approach that keeps Saturn team members involved and inspired. The mutual goal of Saturn, its partnerships, and its work teams is to design a technologically advanced car division, free of the ususal worker-management hostility. We will discuss Saturn’s departmentalization in terms of its Purpose-why and how the organization exists, their Work Teams-interaction with others to achieve goals and objectives, their Needs and Capabilities-empowerment of the workforce, and their Impact on organizational subgroups and larger social structures. Technical – Purpose – why and how the organization exists. The Saturn Company is comprised of a unique partnership between General Motors and the United Auto Workers. They are an independent subsidiary of General Motors whose goal is to bring a new level of customer service and innovation within the automotive market. The Saturn Company is a deliberate attempt to meet foreign competition through an innovative corporate culture. An example of their innovative nature is the design of the spaceframe construction and dent resistant polymer body panels on their coupes and sedans. Saturn’s sole purpose is to earn the loyalty of Saturn owners and to grow their family by developing and marketing manufactured vehicles that are world leaders in quality, cost, and customer enthusiasm through the integration of people, technology, and business systems. The Saturn Corporation is committed to customer enthusiasm, teamwork, tr... Free Essays on Saturn Corporation Departmentalization Free Essays on Saturn Corporation Departmentalization Saturn Corporation Departmentalization Introduction – Departmentalization is the basis on which jobs are grouped in order to accomplish organizational goals. Every organization has its own specific way of classifying and grouping work activities. The company we chose, Saturn, has a totally different approach to departmentalization than most companies. Saturn is built on partnerships and teamwork and a belief that good ideas can come from anyone. This is an approach that keeps Saturn team members involved and inspired. The mutual goal of Saturn, its partnerships, and its work teams is to design a technologically advanced car division, free of the ususal worker-management hostility. We will discuss Saturn’s departmentalization in terms of its Purpose-why and how the organization exists, their Work Teams-interaction with others to achieve goals and objectives, their Needs and Capabilities-empowerment of the workforce, and their Impact on organizational subgroups and larger social structures. Technical – Purpose – why and how the organization exists. The Saturn Company is comprised of a unique partnership between General Motors and the United Auto Workers. They are an independent subsidiary of General Motors whose goal is to bring a new level of customer service and innovation within the automotive market. The Saturn Company is a deliberate attempt to meet foreign competition through an innovative corporate culture. An example of their innovative nature is the design of the spaceframe construction and dent resistant polymer body panels on their coupes and sedans. Saturn’s sole purpose is to earn the loyalty of Saturn owners and to grow their family by developing and marketing manufactured vehicles that are world leaders in quality, cost, and customer enthusiasm through the integration of people, technology, and business systems. The Saturn Corporation is committed to customer enthusiasm, teamwork, tr...

Censorship - Banning Books

Literature has always been an important part of human life. We use ink and paper to express our emotions; we sprinkle our souls on dry wood pulp. Writing has taken the form of liberation and pleasure since the beginning of written words. You can tell a story and make yourself a hero. You can live all your fantasies. You can explore all thoughts, emotions, emotions and share them with the outside world. But do not think you are jealous just because you can write. It does not matter who you are. Since pen was first put on paper, there was some form of censorship. The latest review is to prohibit books that are considered inappropriate. This type of behavior not only infringes upon the rights of American citizens, but also violates the student's right to study. Even though the government can try to ban all inappropriate books, the desire to read them will increase. Often times before the banning of family problems in books, the federal government tried to reduce the flow of inappropriat e information in the source, often forgotten. ACLU lawyer wrote as follows. The use of certain books such as The New Jim Crow is forbidden. For example, the use of hardcover books is prohibited. Statement continues: Several Caucasian abolitionists argue that they are fully naturalized as US citizens or send back the previous slave to Africa. Each immigrant family will offer 25 acres of vacant land and 10 acres of singles to Black Republic. Many people think that book reviews, tasks, and writing prohibitions are what happened in the distant past. This is certainly not the case, as you will see it from the ban on my recent book review. You may remember all the controversy about Harry Potter's book early in the 21st century. The age level of the book does not guarantee that someone will not try to review it. The focus seems to be more challenging to children and adolescent (YA) books than to others, but it always restricts access to books from certain adult books, usually high school p rofessors I am trying. Most complaints are made by parents and directed to public libraries and schools. The book does not seem to be an old concept for many people. But as it is getting old, censorship remains an important part of American literary culture. Banned books usually succeed at the level of young adult literature. Parents and other opponents use the review process to work to protect children and young people from books that they think are dangerous. - Books are forbidden in history / reviewed. For example, the Catholic Church created an index of the prohibition in the 16th century. The purpose of this index is to prevent ordinary people from reading books that violate the church doctrine. Several of Galileo's books are on this list. Everyone who reads or sells these books is severely punished, tortured, even even killed. However, even after 500 years writing prohibition has been done yet

Trading blocs and their influence on the globalisation of the Essay

Trading blocs and their influence on the globalisation of the marketing strategies - Essay Example The global stage is dominated by the presence of a large number of trading blocs for a number of countries and regions. There are about 30 trading blocs globally across various continents, working either at national or regional levels. In Europe alone, there are three trading blocs, namely European Union, European Free Trade Association and Eurasian Economic Community. However, trade bloc of the European Union is the only one to have the United Kingdom as its member (Floyd, 2001). The world trade is being increasingly dominated by the concept of trade blocs in recent times. This can be clearly exemplified by taking the case of the European Union. Initially, this had only six countries as its members during inception in 1940s, but had 28 countries by end of the first decade of 21st century. NAFTA is another such trade bloc, which promotes trade relations between the USA and Canada (Oh and Suh, 2003). All major trade blocs that exist in the contemporary world, like, ASEAN, NAFTA and Eu ropean Union, have a common objective. The countries that are outside the trading blocs do not enjoy benefits of lower tariff and custom duties on imported goods . Trade blocs have a very important role to play in economic development of a country, primarily because economic progress of a country can be directly related to amount of trade conducted by that country. This is because trade brings new opportunities to a country by opening up its markets, bringing in improved technological innovation and raising the level of production.

Managing a small business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing a small business - Essay Example In Australia, for a business to be referred to as small, it must have fewer than 15 people employed in it. In addition to the above-mentioned criteria, other classification of businesses also takes into consideration the aspect of total assets, sales or the net profit of the business. All over the world, small businesses forms a substantial number of businesses and it is dependent on the economic system prevailing. Small businesses supplement the ‘big’ businesses in commercial activities as they ensure that products reach the remotest parts of the country. Typically, most small businesses include; convenience stores, restaurants and pubs, hairdressers, tradesmen, and guest houses among others. In this regard, this paper endeavors to find out a number of issues related to small businesses (PUB) in Canterbury by interviewing the proprietors. Methodology The mode of information collection in this research paper was direct interview of the proprietors. Since the information was to be gathered on a single business premises, the proprietors were contacted prior and agreement was reached on the best time and day. In this case, I chose to consider a Pub in Canterbury named Dolphin. Dolphin is a modernized dining pub that provides a range of services to their customers. The information relating to the business was collected using a radio recorder coupled with note taking, the proprietors were found to be six and because of the nature of the question and considering time, all the proprietors were assigned sections of the inquiry to respond to so that the interview could not be skewed to an individual. Interviewing one person on all the areas of concern could lead to inaccurate information from the interviewee given fatigue and boredom. The questioned were then designed separately and spread amongst the six proprietors in Dolphin business from which the information regarding the business was collected. Market Research – Information Gathering Market res earch involves identifying what the people want and conform to it so that you can have a business competitive edge over the competitors. Market research is thus a very important tool in business survival as it enables one to make a determination on how to do marketing of their product. In this case, I interviewed the first proprietor and collected the following information about the market research. I. Primary Research Dolphin realized that they have to cut themselves a niche in the business environment by standing out as the best provider of services to the customers. They decided to do a primary research that was aimed at giving them insights on the taste of the people on varieties of foodstuffs, peak period of the business, and on issues of references. To acquire all these information, the management used questionnaire to source for information, in some instance, they asked the customers to rate their performance on specific issues like hygiene, satisfaction and so on. Rating of Dolphin’s performance was considered against what customers considered the best pub in the area where the business is situated. The information obtained from such responses is to be used for making the necessary improvement on the customer’s satisfaction. II. Secondary Research: A part from primary research for improving the performance of the business, Dolphin also relies on the secondary sources in its effort to understand the management of the business such that customer can be satisfied

Leadership paper(what's the culture and leadership difference between Research Paper

Leadership (what's the culture and leadership difference between Asia and U.S.A) - Research Paper Example In his opinion, variables like language, environmental and technological considerations, contexting, authority conception, nonverbal communication behavior, time conception etc can affect the communication and leadership styles of a person (Victor, 2009). English is the major language of the Americans whereas Mandarin, Hindi, Arabic etc are some of the languages in Asia. English is an international language and hence the Americans always keep a dominating mentality in their leadership styles. Even Chinese and Indians forced to use the American language English as the medium in their communication with the Americans. Asia and America have different environmental characteristics. Asia is a heavily populated region with different political and legal systems. Communists control the administration in China whereas democracy is prevailing in countries like India, Japan etc. In some other Asian countries Islamic administration is implemented. But in most of the American countries democracy is prevailing. These political differences in Asia and America often reflect in the leadership styles also. Most of the American leaders try to lead their people in a democratic manner whereas in Asia, except in democratic countries, totalitarian approaches are prominent. For example, in China and Saudi Arabia like countries, leaders have the supreme authorities and the followers should blindly accept the instructions of the leaders. But in America, leaders try to hear the opinions of the followers before asking the followers to do something. If the level of knowledge (Contexting) possessed by the leader and the follower are different, it can affect the leadership styles. If the follower has more knowledge than the leader, it is difficult for the leader to instruct the follower. The leader should always possess better knowledge than the follower in order to lead the followers successfully.

Based on public health role in flu epidemic, identify one ethical Research Paper

Based on public health role in flu epidemic, identify one ethical consideration and one cultural consideration for a public health response. What is the nurse's role in address each of these - Research Paper Example Moreover, the paper will demonstrate the role of a nurse in each of the considerations. Being prepared for flu epidemic is crucial since it ensures that the public health system can mitigate the effects of the pandemic. However, certain ethical and cultural considerations must be deliberated on while deciding the appropriate measures. Nurses play an important role in the response to flu pandemic. Understanding the ethical and cultural considerations as well as the role of nurse is thus important (Debruin, 2012). One ethical consideration involved is the moral commitment to justice and alleviating any barriers that could hinder the some people from accessing healthcare. Ethical guidance to public health response to pandemic should be concerned with the justice. Justice is important while dealing with pandemics and it entails disbursement of common advantages as well as equal sharing of burdens. However, justice should be accompanied by reasonableness in that the caregivers should prioritize the needs of the affected population based on their level of vulnerability. Therefore, the public health system should make a pledge to serve all the affected persons with first priority being given to most affect without ignoring those likely to be affected by the epidemic. In a flu pandemic, nurses have a role of enhancing justice by ensuring that they focus on the needs of the most disadvantaged and give equal priority to all irrespective of their ethical background (Debruin, 2012). During pandemics, the public health personnel have to make decisions, which may conflict individual interest with the community interests. However, the response must take into account cultural considerations to ensure that even the minority groups access adequate care. One cultural consideration is the cultural diversity of a nation (Institute of Medicine, et al., 2008). It is important for the caregivers to

Sun Yatsen's Revolution of 1911 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sun Yatsen's Revolution of 1911 - Essay Example The post Sino-Japanese War (1894-1896) further made the imperial China relinquish more territories including loss of suzerainty of Korea, Taiwan and Manchuria (Lee and Hock 20). The fulcrum of the revolution was the Wuchang rebellion on October 10, 1911, which mainly pushed for changes through the Qing court. The revolution aimed at transforming changing the authoritarian imperial rule to a constitutional monarchy. Led by Sun Yat-sen, a new leadership came into place with him taking the president’s position. The revolution concluded on February 12, 1912 with the abdication of the â€Å"Last Emperor† Puyi. The three people’s principle was responsible for ensuring equality, national identity and establishment of responsive policies as developed by Sun Yat-sen. China’s nationalism or People’s National Consciousness got ideologically drawn from diverse sources including Chinese American thinking, Marxism, Russian ethnological thought and American progressivism (Lee and Hock 28). Nationalism aimed at transforming China’s prosperity by overthrowing the Manchus and limiting the influence of foreign imperialism. Democracy was to proclaim the people’s rights by establishing a republic governed by a constitutional monarchy and not the imperial system. Undoubtedly, nationalism and people’s rights became his primary principles where people had to own the rights of Referendum, Initiative, Recall, and Election. Subsequently, democracy separated the different roles of the government incorporating five powers of the government of Legislation, Judicial, Execu tive, Examination and Control ((Lee and Hock 30). Socialism or people’s livelihood as a principle came after adoption of democracy and nationalism. It was a principle motivated by the idea to equalize land and regulate capital, which got controlled by a few people during the Qing dynasty. Transformation of China from imperial dynasty to a constitutional republic took three stages. The military rule was

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 14

Marketing - Essay Example , a firm needs to consider primarily the following two issues: a) would be the development of existing product a priority or b) emphasis should be rather given on the increase of the firm’s share in the targeting marketing (Sloman 2005, 73)? In the second case, the firm should try to introduce new products while in the first case the characteristics of a firm’s product should be rather highlighted through appropriately customized marketing strategies. In the case under examination, the first strategy would be rather used, aiming to emphasize on the advantages of the firm’s specific product, the Palmolive natural shampoo vibrant colour in regard to the targeting market, i.e. the Australian market. On the other hand, Dibb et al. (2008) note that the term ‘Product’ as part of the marketing mix model, refers to a series of issues, including the ‘quality awareness, the product image, the value and the quality of the product but also the product perf ormance’ (Dibb et al. 2008, 94). The marketing policies used by a firm in order to support the performance of one of its products have to refer to the above qualities/ needs of the product, the promotion of which in the targeting market will be attempted. In the case under examination, the marketing strategy of the firm in regard to the specific product would be additionally influenced by the following facts: the Palmolive natural shampoo vibrant colour has been introduced in order to meet specific needs – the needs of people with colored hair for increased hair care and protection (Colgate Palmolive 2011). More specifically, the above shampoo helps towards the recovery of hair damaged by the colour treatment; in the specific product, a combination of UV filter and Avocado extracts’ (Colgate Palmolive 2011) has been used aiming ‘to ensure the quick recovery of hair damaged by color treatment but also to ensure the increase of life of colored hair and the improvement of quality of colored hair’ (Colgate

Sun Yatsen's Revolution of 1911 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sun Yatsen's Revolution of 1911 - Essay Example The post Sino-Japanese War (1894-1896) further made the imperial China relinquish more territories including loss of suzerainty of Korea, Taiwan and Manchuria (Lee and Hock 20). The fulcrum of the revolution was the Wuchang rebellion on October 10, 1911, which mainly pushed for changes through the Qing court. The revolution aimed at transforming changing the authoritarian imperial rule to a constitutional monarchy. Led by Sun Yat-sen, a new leadership came into place with him taking the president’s position. The revolution concluded on February 12, 1912 with the abdication of the â€Å"Last Emperor† Puyi. The three people’s principle was responsible for ensuring equality, national identity and establishment of responsive policies as developed by Sun Yat-sen. China’s nationalism or People’s National Consciousness got ideologically drawn from diverse sources including Chinese American thinking, Marxism, Russian ethnological thought and American progressivism (Lee and Hock 28). Nationalism aimed at transforming China’s prosperity by overthrowing the Manchus and limiting the influence of foreign imperialism. Democracy was to proclaim the people’s rights by establishing a republic governed by a constitutional monarchy and not the imperial system. Undoubtedly, nationalism and people’s rights became his primary principles where people had to own the rights of Referendum, Initiative, Recall, and Election. Subsequently, democracy separated the different roles of the government incorporating five powers of the government of Legislation, Judicial, Execu tive, Examination and Control ((Lee and Hock 30). Socialism or people’s livelihood as a principle came after adoption of democracy and nationalism. It was a principle motivated by the idea to equalize land and regulate capital, which got controlled by a few people during the Qing dynasty. Transformation of China from imperial dynasty to a constitutional republic took three stages. The military rule was

Against School Essay Example for Free

Against School Essay Against School Gattos opinion on school is extremely intense and straight forward. For the most part I agree with his standing point on the subject of schooling. I agree with his arguments of how we have become a society that completely relies on technology to keep us from being bored, and this notion teaches us to be absent minded rather than creative. I also agree that keeping kids â€Å"locked up† in a building for about seven hours a day gives us no room to grow individually and learn from life experiences. Not only are students the ones in jeopardy because of this confined structure, but the teachers are as well. It’s almost like this narrow minded school system we abide by is just a dark cloud that hovers over us and imprints this idea that there is no other way to do things. When you think about it, school closely resembles what prison is made out to be. A bunch of unhappy people who would rather be anywhere but there. This is NOT what education should be about. We should enjoy learning, not think of it as a chore or something to get over with so that we can move on to the next thing in life. Which is what? More work? We need to focus on training our brains to engage in activities, enjoy the moment, be curious, and to discover new wonders, not new worksheets. I remember being a kid, gazing out the window on a car ride home, letting my imagination run wild, as fast as the car was going. Now whenever I drive for long periods of time, I lean over to look at what my little brother is doing. He’s constantly staring at some sort of computer screen. I even attempt having a conversation with him, asking him if he has any homework he needs help with but all I get in return is the same absent- minded response that I receive every day after school, â€Å"Nope, I already did my homework at school. † I’m always worried that he’s not getting an education, but instead is just receiving a â€Å"schooling†. He never seems engaged in his homework, but is more interested in what video game he can play as soon as he’s done. What ever happened to picking up a book and actually exercising the brain to imagine impossible things such as dragons and fairies? Does the board of education honestly think that they are tricking everyone into thinking that you will learn better off of a simple worksheet rather than actually going out and doing hands on interactions? Why do they restrict us? It’s almost like they emphasis conformity. It’s such a contradicting setting, school is. They put so much pressure on us to be individual and be completely yourself, yet they don’t allow us freedom to do so. I think we all stay so indifferent to the subject that it’s only getting worse. And the more we stay indifferent about it, the more the problem will escalate. It’s a vicious cycle that has to be stopped.

In What Ways did Deterrence Work and Fail in the Cold War?

In What Ways did Deterrence Work and Fail in the Cold War? Deterrence, a form of coercive diplomacy or the use of threat of force to achieve goals, had been of extensive use in the history of mankind. However, the creation of the destructively powerful nuclear weapons seemed to add substance to deterrence and made it one of the core elements in international relations and security during the Cold War. Though, the question of whether nuclear deterrence worked or not still divides the politician, academia and the public opinion (Lee, 1988; Lebow and Stein, 1995). Proponents argue that nuclear deterrence did save human beings from the World War III (Record, 2004) while critics label deterrence, among other things, as a faulty, inconsistent, heavily value-laden, and immoral theory (Kennedy, 1983). Focusing on the aspect of general nuclear deterrence (not extended or immediate nuclear deterrence), this essay elaborate why the notion of the effective nuclear deterrence during the Cold War period seems not convincing by determining the factors for deterrence to work, providing alternative motives for maintaining peace rather than deterrence, and finally reviewing some actual cases of crisis. To supporters of nuclear weapons, the strongest and most convincing piece of evidence for the successful deterrence theory is that there has been no case of resort to the use nuclear weapon since the United States dropped two nuclear bombs on the two Japanese cities of Okinawa and Hiroshima in 1945 (Berry et al., 2010). The overwhelmingly destructive power of nuclear weapons, coupled with a certain capability of each side to carry out the threat, made the mutual destructive outcome of nuclear war clearly visible in the so-called crystal ball effect (Blight, 1992; Lee, 1988). Thus, nuclear weapons not only made leaders of both the United States and the Soviet Union in particular, NATO and Warsaw Pact in general, refrain from uncalculated moves but also eliminate the possibility of the pre-emption (Record, 2004). The other argument proponents often made to defense the success of nuclear deterrence in the Cold War is: deterrence is only considered to be a failure when the threatening na tion must resort to the use of force (nuclear weapons) or do not obtain its policy. It is the reality that both the United States and the Soviet Union did not use nuclear weapons and succeeded in preventing each other from using them (MccGwire; Huth, 1999). All these helped the Cold War remains cold and thus nuclear deterrence is very likely a success. (Gaddis, 2005; Berry et al., 2010). However, a further analysis shows that the claims of effective deterrence in the Cold War seem far from convincible. First and foremost, to assess nuclear deterrence, it is essential to answer the question of what does it take to deter? Nuclear deterrence means the deterred country will not attack because of the threat and the capability of the deterring country to survive the first strike and then retaliate with destructive power. So, in order to be sure that nuclear deterrence works, you have to verify that your adversary does intend to attack you and then restraint from carrying it out because of your threat (Wilson, 2008: 432). Proving other countrys intentions is problematic because of the lack of data on the policy calculations of potential initiators who were presumably deterred (Wilson, 2008). In addition, it was a popular belief in the West during the Cold War that the Soviet Union is a revisionist and needed to be deterred but there seems not enough evidence to uphold that point of view, either (Cohen, 2017; Mueller, 1988). This was admitted by former United States secretary of state Henry Kissinger, one of the prominent figures during the Cold War: Perhaps deterrence was even unnecessary because it was impossible to prove whether the adversary ever intended to attack in the first place (Record, 2004: 5). Moreover, nuclear weapons seemed to matter in political rhetoric, public discourse, and defense budgets and planning (Mueller, 2009) during the Cold War, it can be contended that nuclear deterrence is unlikely the sole contributor to the long peace that human being enjoyed nor the absence of nuclear war. This is due to proof by absence, which means your assumption could only be correct if there exist no other alternative explanations for the end result. In this case, the absence of war between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War could be the outcome of many other factors, not only nuclear deterrence. For example, it is worthy to note that nuclear bombs came into being in 1945, at the same time with the establishment of the very important global organization, United Nations. Hence, it could be assumed that it is the United Nations that helped maintain the status quo during the Cold War. In the same fashion, John Mueller (1998) criticized the efficiency of deterr ence and attributed the long peace after World War II to such reasons other than nuclear deterrence as the memory of WWII; the post-war contentment (both the United States and the Soviet Union were happy with the status quo), the non-aggressive Soviet ideology, and the believe in escalation of war (the lessons learned from WWI, WWII). According to Former United States secretary of state Henry Kissinger, one of the insiders of the nuclear game theory during the Cold War, the attribution of the absence of nuclear war between NATO and Warsaw Pact since 1946 to the success of nuclear deterrence seems problematic when he later admitted that it is possible that nuclear weapons had little or nothing to do with the absence of a NATO-Warsaw Pact war (Record, 2004). Lastly, some case studies which were usually cited as the success stories of nuclear deterrence seem unconvincing, too. In the first instance, at the height of the Berlin Crisis 1948-1949 when the Soviet Union blocked Western Allies access to Berlin, decision by United States President Harry S. Truman to deploy B-29 bombers capable of carrying nuclear bombs to Europe did result in the end of the blockade by the Soviet Union (Arnold and Wiener, 2012). However, some unanswered questions remain: Why it took ten months for the threat to be effective and why the Soviet Union dared to provoke the atomic bomb monopoly United States (the first nuclear test by the Soviet Union did not happen until one year later). In the same fashion, the world was actually on the brink of the outbreak of a nuclear war after the United States discovered the Soviet Unions secret deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962 and delivered an ultimate for the withdrawal of the missiles (Cohen, 2017). Facing the threat from the United States, Soviet leaders ordered to withdraw the missiles from Cuba thus de-escalated the situation (George and Smoke, 1974). But general nuclear deterrence once again failed to prevent the the Soviet Union from deploying nuclear weapons in Cuba in the first place and also failed to restrain the United States from instigating a quarantine (Wilson, 2013) which escalated the situation to the level that, in the word of the then United States President John F. Kennedy, the odds of a nuclear war were about one in three (McMahon and Zeiler, 2012: 305) or secretary of defense Robert McNamara, It was luck that prevented nuclear war (Blight and Lang, 2005: 60). In conclusion, nuclear weapons with their unprecedented destructive power did play a role in international relations during the Cold War. However, attributing the absence of large-scale wars between Warsaw Pact and the West led by the United States to the nuclear deterrence seems far from convincing. The debate on whether nuclear deterrence work or fail is unlikely to subside in the foreseeable future but it is noteworthy to there seem to be a mutual concern of famous policy makers of both the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War such as Mikhail Gorbachev, Henry Kissinger, Bill Perry that nuclear weapons have become a more risky factor than ever before with more countries joining the nuclear club (Shultz et al., 2007; Gorbachev, 2011), not to mention the ambition of countries like North Korea and Iran, the increasing threat of nuclear weapons falling into the hands of terrorist organizations, non-state actors. So, it is high time for the international community to a bolish nuclear weapons with a serious program of universal nuclear disarmament (Gorbachev, 2011). This would be an interesting topic for future research./. REFERENCE LIST Arnold JR and Wiener R. (2012) Cold War: The Essential Reference Guide: The Essential Reference Guide: ABC-CLIO. Berry K, Lewis P, PÃ ©lopidas B, et al. (2010) Delegitimizing Nuclear Weapons. Monterey, California: Center for Nonproliferation Studies, the Monterey Institute of International Studies, forthcoming. Blight JG. (1992) The shattered crystal ball: Fear and learning in the Cuban Missile Crisis: Rowman Littlefield. Blight JG and Lang JM. (2005) The fog of war: Lessons from the life of Robert S. McNamara: Rowman Littlefield. Cohen M. (2017) Nuclear Weapons, Deterrence and the Cold War. Lecture. MacQuarie University, Australia. Gaddis JL. (2005) Strategies of containment: a critical appraisal of American national security policy during the Cold War: Oxford University Press. George AL and Smoke R. (1974) Deterrence in American foreign policy: Theory and practice: Columbia University Press. Gorbachev M. (2011) A Farewell to Nuclear Arms. Project Syndicate. Huth PK. (1999) Deterrence and international conflict: Empirical findings and theoretical debates. Annual Review of Political Science 2: 25-48. Kennedy KC. (1983) A Critique of United States Nuclear Deterrence Theory. Brook. J. Intl L. 9: 35. Lebow RN and Stein JG. (1995) Deterrence and the Cold War. Political Science Quarterly 110: 157-181. Lee S. (1988) Does Nuclear Deterrence Work? Philosophy Public Policy Quarterly 8: 9-12. MccGwire M. Appendix 2: Nuclear Deterrence. International Affairs 82. McMahon RJ and Zeiler TW. (2012) Guide to US Foreign Policy: A diplomatic history: CQ Press. Mueller J. (1988) The essential irrelevance of nuclear weapons: Stability in the postwar world. International Security 13: 55-79. Mueller J. (2009) Atomic obsession: nuclear alarmism from Hiroshima to al-Qaeda: Oxford University Press. Record J. (2004) Nuclear Deterrence, Preventive War, and Counterproliferation: Cato Institute. Shultz GP, Perry WJ, Kissinger HA, et al. (2007) A world free of nuclear weapons. Wall Street Journal 4: 2007. Wilson W. (2008) The myth of nuclear deterrence. Nonproliferation Review 15: 421-439. Wilson W. (2013) Five myths about nuclear weapons: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Personality and Personal Growth Essay -- Psychology Research Papers

Personality and Personal Growth â€Å"An integral being knows without going, sees without looking and accomplishes without doing† – Lao Tzu The text book definition of Personality is an individual’s unique pattern of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that persist over time and across situations. I agree with this idea that a personality is what makes all of us who we are. I believe that a personality is a combination of innate characteristics that everyone is born with and the sum of total life experiences. I believe that a personality is a portrayal of an individual’s reality. The way that an individual walks, talks, speaks and even the career path that they choose to go on is all a reflection of their personality. I believe that each individual is put on this earth to influence every person that they come in contact with; it is the responsibility of every individual to learn as well as teach each other. I strongly believe that you are born with a unique, distinct personality. I remember when both my nieces and my nephew were born each one of them had a specific personality that has transformed and made them each as they are today. My oldest niece, since the young age has always had this older wisdom about her like she was a reincarnated older spirit. This wisdom always comes out in her personality; she is continuously teaching us (older folk) and making us look at life in a different manner than what we would originally look at something. She has made us look out o...

Evaluation of Police Officer Candidates Essay -- Selection of Law Enf

Workforce selection practices have become more prominent over the years, particularly with law enforcement recruitments. This enhanced use of process selection allows for more advanced methods of assessing police officers. One reason for this extreme emphasis on selection systems is the elimination of unqualified police recruit applicants, thus ensuring that monetary resources are not wasted on the ill-equipped (Cochrane., Tett., & Vandecreek, 2003). Several factors impact the potential success or failure of police recruits, including tertiary studies; efficient communication skills; previous moral and ethical behaviour and psychological adequacy of recruits. However, just two of the four selection criteria including tertiary studies, and personality suitability will be analysed and evaluated in this literary review. Higher educated police officers are better equipped to serve in today’s complex and challenging environment through greater awareness of social and cultural / ethnic community issues; promoting a more professional image of law enforcement, as well as exemplifying themselves as ‘problem solvers’ rather than ‘reactive agents’(Trfymowych, 2007, pg. 419). Likewise, psychological and personality suitability of employees allows for police officers to screen out psychopathology as well as Identify individuals who match some ‘ideal’ profile of high performing police. Therefore, this review aims to determine whether or not the selected criteria reviewed are valid for use in a police recruit selection process through a detailed evaluation of each criteria. As the role of a police officer is becoming more complex in the 21st century with the advances in social and technological developments, the need for tertiary studi... ...). Psychological testing and the selection of police officers. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 30 (5), 511-537. Dempsey, J., & Forst, L. (2009). An Introduction to Policing. Cengage Learning, Canada. Metchik,E. (1999). Police Quarterly. An analysis of the â€Å"Screening Out â€Å" Model of Police Officer Selection, 2 (1), 79-95. Smith, M., & Segal, J. (2008). Healing Emotional and Psychological Trauma. In HelpGuide. Web 23 Apr. 2015. http://www.helpguide.org/mental/emotional_psychological_trauma.htm Trofymowych, D. (2007). Police Education Past and Present: Perceptions of Australian Police Managers and Academics. Flinders Journal of Law Reform, 8 (10), 419-433. Vrana, S., & Lauterbach, L. (1994). Prevalence of Traumatic Events and Post-Traumtic Psychological Symptoms in a Nonclinical Sample of College Students. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7 (2), 289-302.

Faculty Reaction Paper

Jeerer Tarot It's a very good film. I am amazed with the lines of the actresses, I felt every single word coming out of their mouth and it's like I'm a part of that scene. The actresses were very good, they portrayed the role given to them excellently. The characters acted naturally like they're Just having a quarrel on a real life. The teacher on a violet shirt fits her role very well, Just the way she walked and her gestures, she already looked like a brave woman.The shot and angles are quite impressive because it's very artistic and it also beautifies the whole film. I noticed that the glass fell down and broke into pieces and that symbolizes their friendship, a shattered friendship because of different principles in life. Even though the film was so short they still had a chance to put conflict on it. I was also a bit unsatisfied with the ending because some of my questions are not answered (who is the student they're talking about and what happened? . Teacher plays a great role towards how they influence and affect students and how a student can be molded to have a better personality. The teacher n the film says † angostura aka Eng high school†, but before she resigned, she taught college students, in short she wants to teach high school students so that when those students enter college they will be open minded and they would also be exposed to the real world and know how hard life is.To cut the story short, the teacher always wanted her students to learn something not Just inside the four corners of the room, but also learn something outside that they could not learn inside the school. On the other side, I'm also in favor of what the other teacher (wearing white) said, because if hose students were trained earlier, they will have a better personality and being open minded towards things.During college days, I think that most of us had completely developed our personality that's why it's already hard for us to deal with something we're really not into. It's also true that Joan has a good intention towards those students but I also agree that she taught it to the wrong students, students that are fully molded by an opulent family and through the years they are not doing those things that's why Joan should have go with the flow towards the rules and regulations of that college.

Herculine Barbin Essay

Upon reading Herculine Barbin, it helped me understand the difficulties in which Herculine had, living as a hermaphrodite living in his century, as it is still very difficult to lead such a life now. However, many parts of the reading were ambiguous because she never exactly mentions the condition of her body or what kind of sickness she is exactly suffering from. Although she always mentions the fact that she is suffering and in a great deal of pain, she only goes as far to describe the way she looks from the outside and how the others perceive her sickness. In the beginning of the novel, I can’t help but be confused about Herculine’s sexual identity. She describes herself as being born in a hospital that treats for â€Å"sick people of both sexes,† but it seems though, for the time being, she is going to be living on as a female. However, advancing into the story, we see the sorts of intimacy she gets into as she declares her love for other girls. This is another way to show the reader of the uncertainty in the identification of her gender. I loved her at first sight, and though her outward appearance had nothing about it that was dazzling, it was irresistibly attractive because of the modest grace that was shed over her entire person. † This quote represents a bit of masculinity yet also the femininity that was present within Herculine. Herculine seemed to be warm around other girls and woman, like any other female, but there was a certain different intimacy. She had grown up with women and it had taught her to be feminine and loving. However, because women surround her, it allowed her to explore her sexuality and employ it as much as possible. We can see uncertainty of gender arising here. Another uncertainty we see is the intelligence that is present in Herculine. She is described as being the smartest and as being very studious. Some of her traits do make it seem as though she was born to be a male. Although her birth did decide Herculine’s gender, it does not decide her true identity. There is a mistaken belief for her gender and there is not an exact way to identify Herculine’s true gender. Herculine always feels guilty about what she is doing, whether it may be falling in love with Sara or feeling sick. She has to be self-conscious about what she does because it can ruin her reputation. She had to hide her identity in order to get what she wanted. As a child, Herculine had a small problem growing up with all girls, because she felt a different intimacy with a girl names Lea, and that is where it all had started. Herculine was unable to control her desires later on, especially with Madame P’s daughter, Sara. Their relationship was so intimate that it was becoming painful for Herculine. Herculine was unsure if the identity she was carrying was right or if she needed a change. But she knew that no one was to know about the change because it would condemn her from society and shun anyone around her. She could not just be considerate of herself but needed to think about everyone else around her, especially those who were offering and giving help to her. She possesses shame toward her body and its undergoing changes. When her body starts to grow hair, she tries to hide it and when she realizes she is becoming more masculine, she feels uncomfortable with the transformation. Her refusal to show off her body to the doctor shows us that she does regret and dislike the changes that are going on in her body. It shows off her feminine side. Although Herculine was hurting from the bodily changes, she tries to hide all of these factors because she indeed wants to stay a woman. She feels awkward in society and does not have the problem with the way she was living then. She believed that she was born to love but her identity change later on in the story was forcing her to love like a man. Many times in the reading, Herculine relies on religion to get her through the sufferings. She is very pious and tries to fit into society and uses religion to relieve herself of the outside world. She feels guilty toward the world with regards to what is happening to herself. She wants acceptance or change but at the same time she also wants answers. When she confesses for the first time, she is shocked to find the priest, Abbe H, who is very close and associated with Madame P’s family, throwing insults and terrifying words at her. That was the deciding factor that leads her to secrecy and more uncertainty over her body. However, later she finds people who encourage her and aid her with her disease. One specific person would be Monsieur de Saint M. He is the one who urges her to go off and tells her the instructions as to what to do in order to cure of her disease. Never does he once put her down. He treats Herculine like his own and on his deathbed, Monsieur de Saint M is proud of Herculine and Herculine seems to be thankful toward him. He was like a father figure to her and he led her to live more true to her self. However, even after she undergoes a change to her body, Barbin undergoes obstacles to try to fit in with her new identity and body. To his dismay, the surroundings and people around Herculine look down at her and with disgust. Herculine is unable to find and job and therefore looks for an escape, and that is to the United States. Society was very stereotypical, because of the fact that although Herculine was now a man, she did not seem or acted like one. However, Herculine himself, or rather herself, did not seem satisfied with the new identity and was miserable. This leads to suicide later on. Herculine had to cut her own life due to societal torments. She had to leave her real identity behind and it was the cause of her misery. Herculine was never comfortable living in her society as a hermaphrodite because never in her life did she feel normal and comfortable with herself.

Review of Monique and the Mango Rains

Review of Monique and the Mango Rains Monique and the Mango Rains is a memoir about a friendship that develops between Kris Holloway, and a midwife in the village of Nampossela, Mali. Kris Holloway served in the Peace Corps and was assigned for 2 years to be stationed in Mali. Kris was trained to â€Å"give health demonstrations, repair wells, build fuel-conserving stoves, plant trees, and protect the shoots from the ever hungry mouths of goats† (11). Kris meets and assists Monique Dembele in her struggle to improve health care for the women of this village and surrounding areas.Monique, having apprenticed for two years as a midwife, and studied for nine months in a health services program, is the only health worker in the village. She performs prenatal consultations, gives health demonstrations, births babies, administers vaccinations, solves the health problems she can treat and is forced to accept the fate of those who suffer from more serious illnesses and have no access t o further medical care. But not only is Kris helping Monique, they develop a relationship that becomes a very real friendship as their lives intertwine and Monique brings Kris into the circle of her family.Despite all the things that might make it difficult, these two women create a partnership as they both try to better the lives of the women and children in the village. Women of Mali In Mali, the women’s role is to be confined to her home and yard. A Malian woman is first and foremost valued in her roles of spouse and mother. Placement into these family roles starts early; young girls are expected to help with housework and look after younger siblings. The women of Mali have arranged marriages from an early age.And even though they are arranged, the husbands are usually married to other women also. Irreconcilable differences like lack of communication, spousal incompatibility, and unhappiness between marriage partners are some of the things Monique complains about. She has more education than her husband Franois, she speaks a different language than he, and came from a much different city than the one he grew up in. As Kris gets to know Monique better, she learns of her friend's deep unhappiness with her marriage.Monique also reveals that she's having an affair with the man she would have married, had the cultural practice of arranged marriage not existed. The village of Nampossela has a clinic and birthing house. Monique was able to help the mother’s in the prenatal stages and the birthing process, teach them how to clean water, make baby food and wash their hands to stay clean and prevent the spreading of germs. She weighted the babies to show the mothers if their children were in a healthy weight range or if they were in the dangers of being malnourished.She could provide some vaccinations and administer first aid to wounds. Women of Mali faced many health risks. Since women were to have many children they were at danger during childbirth. à ¢â‚¬Å"I knew that Mali had one of the highest rates of maternal death in the world. I’d read a sobering statistic that placed a Malian women’s lifetime risk of dying in pregnancy and childbirth around one in twelve, compared to a women’s risk of one in over three thousand† (8). Excessive bleeding, straining after pregnancies, unsanitary conditions are some of the risks for women.Female genital cutting (FGC), was common amongst the women in Mali. At a young age they experience the cutting of their genital area, because they are not to experience pleasure during intercourse. This process is painful. It causes problems with childbirth, urinating, sitting comfortably and even death. It is often used with an instrument that is not sanitized and can cause the spread of diseases. The most troubling threat to the women was spousal abuse. â€Å"The lantern light was dim, but I could see that one side was swollen, her eye half closed with puffy tissue.She met my st are, lowered her gaze, and quickly draped the scarf back over† (51). The practice of arranged marriage usually led to close-knit families in Nampossela, but Korotun's defiance by marrying against her family's wishes left her stranded without any relatives to turn to in her time of need. Another danger to women that existed was rape. â€Å"He forced you? Yes, she shrugged. It was painful and then it was over† (130). Holloway finds it difficult to tell her friend of her own similar memory.Despite the difference in the ways these two address this subject of rape, it is heartbreaking that women from two completely different worlds are able to find a common ground in the act of rape. All of these risks to the women of Mali happen to the women in America as well. And shows that even from two different worlds, it seems things are not so different. Cultural Relativism No culture is superior or inferior to any other. Kris had to accept the differences about Mali without judging them or believing that her culture was the right way things should be done.Kris knew it was wrong and against women’s basic human rights to have their genital’s cut. Monique couldn’t believe that Kris hadn’t had her genitals cut. â€Å"I have never met a women like you, who has not gone through koloboli. I thought every woman had it† (114). She did not think it was right that the women of Mali were victims of domestic violence, physical violence or of rape. She felt that all children should be receiving adequate health care and that women should have the right to take contraceptives to not want to have anymore children. But this was apart of their culture.And it was up to them to change these problems. And that was what Monique wanted and was trying to do. Conclusion I really like this book. It is a personal story in an international setting about women who inspire and succeed. Kris Holloway's book is easy to read and has a perfect blend of her ref lections of her Peace Corps experience, her romance, Malian village life, Monique's individual life, and the care of women in the village of Nampossela. This book has funny moments that made me laugh, moments where I felt sorrow, and stories of the goodness in people that made me hopeful for humanity.Holloway's friendship with Monique is at the heart of this book and it is tender, inspirational, educational and heartbreaking. It is because of the relationship of these two women, who are from very different backgrounds, and have become such good friends that this book works. I feel like I get to see Monique through Holloway's book and can see how selfless, giving, strong, smart, and funny she was. I would recommend this book for anyone who is wanting to know about the culture in different parts of the world.

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Transportation plays an important role in the supply chain management because, SCM basically categories in 3 areas; purchasing, manufacturing and transport. A supply chain manager looks into the fundamentals of material to be as input, it distribution, quantity and transportation associated with the delivery of finished products. For this purpose a term of SCM is used which is known as, logistics management. Logistic management is where the collecting of raw materials, its intermediate process and delivery of goods from origins to the final destination is being recorded. Today, the goods are even getting exchange on international level called as, international trading. Moreover, goods are not often getting consumed where they are originally produced. Hence, there is no doubt in saying that, transportation service is the key component which unites all the other components of supply chain management. Logistic management also looks into the efficient cost to be in the process of transpo rtation. An effective economical transportation allows an organization to reduce the cost and increase the customer services to bring up the company in competitive market area. Overall, transportation is the main ingredient between the firms to further execute the businesses. If the presence transportation didn’t exists in the first place, then it would have been impossible for the businesses to transact the business deals both domestic and internationally. How well the logistic management manages effective and less cost transportation leads towards a successful and profitable business. The word Warehouse refers to a place, where an organization stores its goods for a temporary period of time. The need to occupying warehouse in the industrial area occurred, when people came up with the time management difficulties between a product’s product and its consumption. As a solution to this problem, the need of

Multicultralism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Multicultralism - Essay Example As the first man found his way to the trunk, he stroked the beast, calming and reassuring it that they meant no harm. The others eventually found the animal, and they spent most of the afternoon stroking and feeling the pachyderm in order to determine just what an elephant is, and to build a clear image in their own minds. As the sun began to set, the animal meandered off, leaving the men to discuss their experience. The four were each excited, and burst into chatter as they found their way back to the path which led to their village. "What a majestic beast the elephant is," said the first. "An elephant is like a large tree, strong and unbending; only with skin hard and strong rather than rough bark." This man had been holding the elephant's leg, and could only visualize the creature in terms he could compare to a familiar object. "A tree, did you get lost in the forest again" asked the second. "An elephant isn't like a tree. It is long, and winding. An elephant has many rumples up and down its back, and when it breaths, the moist air is like a windstorm." This man had been grasping the elephant's trunk, and he was sure that his encounter with the beast was the correct one. The other two added to the argu... The fourth had encountered snakes before, and this elephant was no more impressive than these. The four men became so heated in their debate, defending their own positions rather than listening to the others that their conversation ended in stony silence. Eventually, as they came across different paths in the jungle the men separated. Each decided that he could better experience the jungle by themselves than to continue company with a group of blind and ignorant men. Sadly to say, none of the men made it out of the jungle alive. Blind and alone, they made easy prey to the land's natural predators. This fable is an accurate illustration of the current multicultural debate. The parties debate who social order should be arrayed as a result of a multicultural mindset. The factions fight over verbiage, stereotypes, and even the purpose of educational, political and social order in order to defend their own perspective. While each faction has its own piece of accurate truth, the idea of creating a culture together is quickly becoming lost in the disagreement. As a result, our culture is more at risk of loosing the strength and protective power it once had when all our citizens were working for a common good, for a common goal, for a strong and prosperous economic and social structure which provided opportunity for all its citizens. Defining the elephant Harrison gives this rather vague definition. "Multiculturalism...is a theory (albeit vague) about the foundations of a culture rather than a practice which subsumes cultural ideas." (Harrison, 1984) His input is about as helpful as asking directions from one of the proverbial blind men. But the idea is that a multicultural mindset is one which recognizes, and even promotes the

Defense Budget and Sequestration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Defense Budget and Sequestration - Assignment Example An extra $88.5 billion is required for ongoing military operations, chiefly in Afghanistan( Klein, 2013). The FY 2013 budget requirement is the first budget proposal subsequent to the enactment of the Budget Control Act (BCA) OF 2011. The BCA establishes the budget limits for the unrestricted component of the federal and integrates an enforcement tool, understood as a sequestration, devised to cut spending by design. The BCA as well was responsible for creating the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction, generally referred to as the Super Committee; furthermore, the BCA charged it with establishing an extra $1.2 trillion in deficit minimization over the foreseeable decade. Since the Super Committee failed to arrive any consensus on extra deficit minimization, the constitution requires that the budget limits be reduced to accomplish the $1.2 in the debit diminution through spending cuts. Just of a half of these reductions pertain to the budget explanation for national defense and the other remaining part pertains to non-defense accounts(Klein, 2013). Most estimation suggests that the United States is on the brink of shaky monetary path under the present federal tax and prerogative regimes. The lack of essential reforms many pundits say that the nation’s increasing debt poses a great long-standing threat to the United States national security, and that Pentagon’s budget will finally be sidelined by compulsory social spending plans. Over the past few years, Washington h as debated numerous debit reduction proposals, but a primary legislative bargain has proved obscure. Last month in March 1, sequestration went into effect. For Monetary Year 2013, the reductions total $85 billion, half of which is spent on defense. Where most political pundits surmise that some defense cuts should be part of an exhaustive debit reduction agreement, they show anxiety that the sweeping monetary austerity that began in March