The Negatives Of Genetic Engineering

The term â€Å"genetic engineering† was first coined by Jack Williamson in is science fiction novel Dragon's Island, published in 1 951 ,one year before Dona's role in heredity was confirmed by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, and two years before James Watson and Francis Crick showed that the DNA molecule has a double-helix structure, DNA stands for (desorbing cultic acid). For many years, there has been a controversy surrounding the morality of genetic modifying organisms.Some it's unethical since it may lead to side effects such as mutation, others say it's totally acceptable since it can make a stronger healthier and smarter organism. I tryingly believe that genetic engineering should be banned for multiple reasons such as religion, morals, physical attributes and crossing species boundaries. In every country there is different religions and these religions have different views. One of these views are on genetic engineering, whether it is acceptable or not modifying genes. God created us human not perfect so why do we want to reach perfection when it is not a human trait. Other people who lack faith will tell you humans seek perfection it's in their nature so it's k modifying genes, but if we reached perfection what do we have to seek, we loud be perfect and lose our touch of humanity. Is genetic engineering ethical to do, children who are made with specific genes are produced for one specific reason and it is to help another person medically in other words they are made for being spare for the specific person.In my sister's keeper a book about a girl who was a genetically modified to help her dying sister from cancer for 12 years she was used as a spare for her sister and when they wanted to take a kidney, she took matter in her own hands and sued her parents for emancipation. So it is not moral or right to bring a person just to be spare. Although other people will contradict and say that by doing so they are saving lives, but they don ;t think of t he lives they are destroying .Gene modifying is not a 100% accurate, it has many mishaps one of the mishaps is a chronic disease which happened in 2001 at a reproductive facility in new jersey were thirty babies who are genetically modified and have genes of three different people, two women and a man some of these thirty children had turners syndrome and turners syndrome happens to one in very 2500 baby and in thirty babies it occurred more than twice is alarming. There people contradict that genetic modification has many benefits, like it increases polymorphism but what about mutations that occur in the children that born. Are they supposed to live with disabilities because some scientists wanted to play god. What about modifying genes to create a new species, are we ready to see a new type of species walking around with us, scientists are talking about a new kind of humans that have the outer look of humans and the abilities of animals, do we want a human tiger that may be aggres sive and be a hazard to other normal humans?

Are Ghosts Real or Not

Ghosts are real. First, the most important thing to know is that ghosts are just human beings not living in physical bodies. These are people just like you and me. Like people everywhere, ghosts can be friendly, scary, smart, and stupid and everything in between, but they're just people. Both skeptics and ardent believers in the paranormal admit that supernatural and unexplainable activity—sightings of ghost, spirit and/or aliens is on the rise. If there is no supernatural, what are these apparitions?Millions of eager viewers are gobbling up popular movies such as Ghost, Casper the Friendly Ghost, Beetle juice, Ghost Rider, and Ghost Busters. Video fantasy and arcade games featuring ghosts, skeletons, and mummies and beings alive after death are the rage. ? The most logical place to go to get the facts about supernatural things is the Bible. the one authority on things that cannot be seen or explained by natural earthly laws. And indeed, the Bible does indicate that paranorma l activity and interest in the spirit world would increase at the very end of time.Even more alarmingly, the Bible warns that these spirits will lure multitudes into world wide deception. â€Å"And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet. For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty. † Revelation 16:13-14. With this in mind, how vital it is that we understand what the Bible says about ghosts, spirits, and the afterlife. ___________________ Bruce A. Moen, Voyage Beyond Doubt , (1996-2003) http://www. afterlife-knowledge. com/bnddoubt. html ? Ghosts are the mind's way of interpreting how the body reacts to certain surroundings, say UK psychologists. A chill in the air, low-light conditions and even magnetic fields may trigger feel ings that â€Å"a presence† is in a room – but that is all they are, feelings. This explanation of ghosts the result of a large study which researchers led hundreds of volunteers around two of the U.K’s supposedly most haunted locations – Hampton Court Palace, England, and the South Bridge Vaults in Edinburgh, Scotland. Dr Richard Wiseman, of the University of Hertfordshire, and his colleagues say their work has thrown up some interesting data to suggest why so many people can be spooked in the same building but provides no evidence that ghosts are real. Science accept it will never know everything about the universe. Science also accepts that without evidence there is no knowledge, only guesses. Ghosts might exist, so might Bigfoot, Nessie, and David Icke. We need evidence to demonstrate it, though.The possibility is not enough to warrant belief, as a whole bunch of things could be possible – science is the system of weeding out the actual from th e possible. ____________________ ? http://www. bookrags. com/researchtopics/ghosts/sub7. html Lights turning off and on – likewise, these events are seldom seen actually occurring, but the lights are switched on or off when the experiencer knows they were not left that way. This can also happen with TVs, radios and other electrically powered items. Unexplained shadows – the sighting of fleeting shapes and shadows, usually seen out of the corner of the eye.This phenomenon has also been discussed in some detail in â€Å"Shadow People. † Strange animal behavior – a dog, cat or other pet behaves strangely. Dogs may bark at something unseen, cower without apparent reason or refuse to enter a room they normally do. Cats may seem to be â€Å"watching† something cross a room. Feelings of being watched – this is not an uncommon feeling and can be attributed to many things, but it could have a paranormal source if the feeling consistently occurs in a particular part of the house at a particular time. hearing a door open or close is one thing. Actually seeing it happen is quite another. Feelings of being touched – the feeling of being watched is one thing, and actually feeling like you are being touched is quite another. Some people feel something brush past them, something touching their hair or â€Å"a hand† on the shoulder. Cries and whispers – on occasion, muffled voices, whispering and crying can be heard. Sometimes it's music from some unknown source.Cold or hot spots – cold spots are classic haunting symptoms, but any instance of a noticeable variance in temperature without a discernable cause could be evidence. Unexplained smells – the distinct fragrance of a perfume or cologne that you do not have in your house. Physical assault – scratches, slaps and hard shoves. This kind of personal assault is extremely rare, but obviously highly disturbing. Other physical evidence – un explained writing on paper or walls; handprints and footprints. Apparitions – physical manifestation of a spirit or entity. Are Ghosts Real or Not Ghosts are real. First, the most important thing to know is that ghosts are just human beings not living in physical bodies. These are people just like you and me. Like people everywhere, ghosts can be friendly, scary, smart, and stupid and everything in between, but they're just people. Both skeptics and ardent believers in the paranormal admit that supernatural and unexplainable activity—sightings of ghost, spirit and/or aliens is on the rise. If there is no supernatural, what are these apparitions?Millions of eager viewers are gobbling up popular movies such as Ghost, Casper the Friendly Ghost, Beetle juice, Ghost Rider, and Ghost Busters. Video fantasy and arcade games featuring ghosts, skeletons, and mummies and beings alive after death are the rage. ? The most logical place to go to get the facts about supernatural things is the Bible. the one authority on things that cannot be seen or explained by natural earthly laws. And indeed, the Bible does indicate that paranorma l activity and interest in the spirit world would increase at the very end of time.Even more alarmingly, the Bible warns that these spirits will lure multitudes into world wide deception. â€Å"And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet. For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty. † Revelation 16:13-14. With this in mind, how vital it is that we understand what the Bible says about ghosts, spirits, and the afterlife. ___________________ Bruce A. Moen, Voyage Beyond Doubt , (1996-2003) http://www. afterlife-knowledge. com/bnddoubt. html ? Ghosts are the mind's way of interpreting how the body reacts to certain surroundings, say UK psychologists. A chill in the air, low-light conditions and even magnetic fields may trigger feel ings that â€Å"a presence† is in a room – but that is all they are, feelings. This explanation of ghosts the result of a large study which researchers led hundreds of volunteers around two of the U.K’s supposedly most haunted locations – Hampton Court Palace, England, and the South Bridge Vaults in Edinburgh, Scotland. Dr Richard Wiseman, of the University of Hertfordshire, and his colleagues say their work has thrown up some interesting data to suggest why so many people can be spooked in the same building but provides no evidence that ghosts are real. Science accept it will never know everything about the universe. Science also accepts that without evidence there is no knowledge, only guesses. Ghosts might exist, so might Bigfoot, Nessie, and David Icke. We need evidence to demonstrate it, though.The possibility is not enough to warrant belief, as a whole bunch of things could be possible – science is the system of weeding out the actual from th e possible. ____________________ ? http://www. bookrags. com/researchtopics/ghosts/sub7. html Lights turning off and on – likewise, these events are seldom seen actually occurring, but the lights are switched on or off when the experiencer knows they were not left that way. This can also happen with TVs, radios and other electrically powered items. Unexplained shadows – the sighting of fleeting shapes and shadows, usually seen out of the corner of the eye.This phenomenon has also been discussed in some detail in â€Å"Shadow People. † Strange animal behavior – a dog, cat or other pet behaves strangely. Dogs may bark at something unseen, cower without apparent reason or refuse to enter a room they normally do. Cats may seem to be â€Å"watching† something cross a room. Feelings of being watched – this is not an uncommon feeling and can be attributed to many things, but it could have a paranormal source if the feeling consistently occurs in a particular part of the house at a particular time. hearing a door open or close is one thing. Actually seeing it happen is quite another. Feelings of being touched – the feeling of being watched is one thing, and actually feeling like you are being touched is quite another. Some people feel something brush past them, something touching their hair or â€Å"a hand† on the shoulder. Cries and whispers – on occasion, muffled voices, whispering and crying can be heard. Sometimes it's music from some unknown source.Cold or hot spots – cold spots are classic haunting symptoms, but any instance of a noticeable variance in temperature without a discernable cause could be evidence. Unexplained smells – the distinct fragrance of a perfume or cologne that you do not have in your house. Physical assault – scratches, slaps and hard shoves. This kind of personal assault is extremely rare, but obviously highly disturbing. Other physical evidence – un explained writing on paper or walls; handprints and footprints. Apparitions – physical manifestation of a spirit or entity.

Low Cost or Differentiation

1. Using scenario planning, analyze the pros and cons of each alternative. Alternative of low cost Pros * New traffic for budget conscious customers * More sales volume Cons * More needed space to hold product * Less product available because selling product faster * More labor required for replenishment of inventory and store front * More disgruntled employees from sheer volume of customers * High employee turnover from stress Alternative of differentiation Pros * Highlights company strengths and niches * Attract target customers * Higher revenue per transaction Lower cost because specialized inventory needs less space Cons * Alienate customers that can’t afford higher cost of product * Higher market risk because business is less diversified Alternative of using both low cost and differentiation Pros * More customer volume * More diversified customer base * More opportunities through greater sales options Cons * Need more space * Labor will feel more drained due to employees needing to have more product knowledge on a higher volume of product * Low cost diminishes the prestige and experience of the high cost * Low cost stigma diminished by expensive product . Think about the various clothing retailers in your local malls and city, and analyze the choices they have made about how to compete with one another along the low-cost and differentiation dimensions. Low cost Macy’s has gone to lower price points and over time lost prestige in the market. Macy’s has attempted to go for more volume but because of the recession was always empty whenever I walked into the store. They stopped lower cost because they didn’t want to lose appearance of the go to fashion locale, instead they were being viewed as the cheaper last season stop.Macy’s is now trying to stop the decline in their reputation but are still stuck in the middle, like the example in the book. Differentiation In the last five years Nordstrom seems to be the go to up to date fashion stop for people seeking high end fashion. The prices are noticeably higher. Nordstrom clearly differentiates themselves through superior customer service, cleaner stores, and top designer name brands. Nordstrom differentiates themselves further with a near unlimited open return policy, free alterations and tailoring, helpful employees happy to be there, and employees happy to help showing why they are worth the extra money.

Solar Energy Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Solar Energy Systems - Research Paper Example The available fossil fuel stocks are believed to be sufficient enough for thirty or forty years more if the consumptions continues in the present rate. Even though explorations are going on for finding out new fossil fuels sources, the outcomes are not much encouraging. In short, it is necessary for the mankind to identify alternate energy sources which are capable of replacing fossil fuels. Even though plenty of energy sources are in discussion for future use, all of them have some kind of drawbacks. The recent tsunami attack on Japan’s nuclear power stations and the subsequent problems raised many questions about the logic of relying heavily on nuclear power in future. Solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, hydroelectric power etc are some of the other energy sources which are discussed at present as future energy source. However, solar energy seems to be alternate option in future when we consider its renewable nature. Chapo (2004) mentioned that â€Å"On a smaller scale, there are solar panel packs that fold out like a small ledger and are used to power up anything from laptops to cell phones† (Chapo). One of the most difficult problems associated with the utilization of solar energy is the problems in converting solar energy into other forms of useful energy. The current solar energy conversion technologies are extremely poor and therefore we can use it only for purposes like boiling water and in solar devices such as calculators, watches etc. In other words, the available technologies to convert solar energy into useful forms of energy are expensive now. This paper analyses different topics related to Solar Energy Systems. A solar collector consists of a network of pipes through which water (or in colder climates, antifreeze) is heated. Collectors come in various sizes, with 4 by 8 feet (1.2 x 2.4 m) the most common. The three most common mounting systems for solar

The foundational topic of economics, demand and supply Term Paper

The foundational topic of economics, demand and supply - Term Paper Example This paper also looks at other topics related to demand and supply in great details like Elasticities, Equilibrium situations and shifts in demand and supply. It should be remembered that purpose of this paper is purely academic and most of the research done is secondary in nature. The market can be defined as an institution or mechanism that brings together buyers and sellers of a particular goods, services or resources in order to determine a price and set equilibrium at the point where the plans of buyer meet the plans of the sellers. From the above point, it is very clear that market equilibrium occurs at price or a point where the buyers are willing to buy a particular quantity of goods at a going market price and similarly sellers are willing to sell the same quantity of the goods at the same price. In simple words, market equilibrium is related to demand and supply. In order to understand the equilibrium situation in detail, let’s first look at the meaning of the terms, demand and supply.

Eng Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eng - Essay Example Campus learning has its own exclusive benefits which cannot be denied. In this paper I will argue that campus learning is very important for college students as compared to online learning, while keeping in view my own experience of college campus. When I joined my college, I met many other students; and thus, started socializing with my peers, which is an integral part of personality development. My personality has groomed a lot after I have joined my college. I know this when I compare myself to when I was in school. I believe that in campus learning, college students come to know how to behave in classrooms; how to show respect to teachers; how to deal with peers; and, how to show discipline while learning. This socializing is beneficial for them in both short and long terms because they learn how to deal with life and its problems and how to cope with relationships. I learned how to communicate with my teachers and friends, which benefitted me in my personal life as well. Hence, campus learning teaches effective relationship management which cannot be learned through online learning. Campus learning makes the students follow the deadlines in a better way, and they learn how to follow a set routine pattern for their studies. When I joined college, one of my friends who is an online student convinced me that college campus environment is very strict and makes the student follow the schedules forcibly. However, my experience has been different. I have been able to set my routine in a very effective manner. Online learning does not provide the students with these opportunities, because they tend to be relaxed since they do not have to confront teacher’s remarks and class fellows’ comments’ if they do not meet a deadline or are not dressed up neatly, and etcetera. Hence, campus learning teaches discipline in a much better way. I have learnt how to neatly dress up, how to convey my ideas face-to-face, and how to behave in groups and teams. I could never have learnt these important competencies in online learning. Moreover, communicating effectively is the key to success for me and for the rest of the world too. I did not join online learning because of communication barriers like slow internet speed and server breakdown between the teacher and students. I wanted to talk to my teachers and peers. For me, visual understanding of others’ feelings is very important. When I joined my college campus, I could freely share my ideas inside the classroom setting and discuss the concepts. Teachers came to know me personally. There is always an interactive atmosphere which enhances learning. In campus learning, there are hands-on labs in traditional classroom learning that are crucial for development of skill sets (Tabor 47). I am sure that I have made the right decision of joining college campus because online learning tends to isolate the students inside the territory of their homes, and so, they remain inside their study rooms for hours and hours, which creates a bad impact upon their personalities on the whole. This isolation leads to depression and anxiety in the individual leading to the development of negative behavior. Campus learning does not isolate the students in this way, and they can always share their problems with their peers which is an excellent way to ward off their depression. I have had very positive experience of

The cause(s) of the Civil War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The cause(s) of the Civil War - Research Paper Example This meant a reduction in human labor. On the hand, cotton became very profitable, and many of the southern agricultural areas shifted from other crops to cotton farming, almost making the states a one crop economy, and thus requiring a lot of cheap human labor to meet the great demand and to maximize on profits. This cheap labor was readily available to the landowners in the south in the form of slaves while the north did not require them due to industrialization.2 These differences made the two areas to assume different economic ways of life, with the northern economy becoming city based while the southern continued to be plantation based. This meant that the people in the north evolved into a culture where people of different cultures could work together while those in the south continued to hold unto slavery since they needed the slave labor. The people in the north started to condemn slavery as immoral while the south embraced the same due to their need of massive slave labor, c ausing friction between the north and south. The political leaders of the southern states such as Robert Barnwell and William Lowndes realized that if the slave ownership was abolished in the south, then the southern economy would probably collapse if the slaves were to be paid the high wages that white workers were being paid and thus, they vehemently opposed the idea. Leaders in the north, some of whom were also religious personalities or newspaper personalities opposed the idea of slave ownership on the grounds of morality. Some of these personalities were like William L Garrison who was powerful crusaders for the abolition of the practice. The other issue that was instrumental in causing the civil war was the States versus federal Government’s rights issue. From the time of the American Revolution while states sought autonomy, there emerged two sides, one that advocated for states to have greater rights and the other that the federal government be granted more control.3 T hose that felt that the states should have greater rights like Thomas Jefferson and others agitated for the idea, resulting into the nullification idea, where the states sought to be allowed to have the rights to rule some federal acts unconstitutional. The federal government refused to cede to this demand, which led to the cessation of 11 states from the union of the states leading into the war.4 There also was the fighting between states that approved slavery and those who did not in newly acquired lands as one of the causes of the war. America started to expand after the Louisiana Purchase whereby America purchased 800000 square miles of land at a cost of 15million dollars during the tenure of former president Thomas Jefferson, and also after the Mexican war.5 There arose conflict after this as to whether the new areas admitted to the union, would have slavery or would be granted freedom. Problems arose, for example, when those who advocated for slavery in Missouri known as †Å"border Ruffians† started to come into the state to assist in forcing the state to become a slavery zone. Conflict also occurred in Kansas which made the place be called â€Å"bleeding Kansas† because of the magnitude of the bloodshed in the quest to have this area embrace slavery. The fighting

Modernism and Postmodernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Modernism and Postmodernism - Essay Example The purpose of the essay "Modernism and Postmodernism" is to discuss postmodernism and modernism. Overcoming modernist tendencies, postmodern cult of the city replaces cosmism, values of industrial society - environmentalism, denying mindless nature and asserting the need for harmonious relations between society and nature. Thus, the ideological concept of postmodernism includes the principles of cosmism, environmentalism and post humanism in a culture of active includes sexual minorities, and the ideas of feminism. Art of modernism and postmodernism is the realization of a universal picture of the world, reflecting the human consciousness of the twentieth century, the main feature of which is the new principle of the relation of being and consciousness. Modernism is the style of art and thought in the first half of the twentieth century. Its critics understood in two ways - in the broad and narrow sense. In the first sense, it represents the totality of artistic movements, schools a nd trends of early twentieth century, expressed a departure from the cultural values of eighteenth - nineteenth centuries, and proclaimed the new attitudes and values. Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Abstractionism, Dadaism, Surrealism - this is an incomplete list of areas of artistic research in the early twentieth century. In a narrow sense, modern designates only one direction in art. â€Å"Modern† is a stylistic direction in European and American art of the late nineteenth - early twentieth century.

WEEK 2 PERCPTION KEYS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WEEK 2 PERCPTION KEYS - Assignment Example Impressionist majorly used asymmetrical balance in their paintings. This majorly helped them capture a good judgment on immediacy. They made their paintings in such a manner that one item visually balanced another item perfectly (Martin& Jacobus, 2011). Symmetry has been effectively used in Edouard Manet’s painting, ‘A Bar at the Folies-Bergere. It features in few images in the painting. For example, the woman at the counter. The effect puts the lady and her job as the major aim of the painting as other objects have not been clearly brought out. Asymmetry has been effectively used in Pierre-Auguste Renoir’s painting, ‘Luncheon of the Boating Party’. He focuses more on the people at the table but still visibly shows that the boat had a number of people. The aim of the painter might have been to show what was served on tables apart from people just being in a party mood. If I was to purchase one of the paintings, I would choose Claude Monet’s Impression Sunrise. This is because of the tranquil feeling it has to the observer. The choice of color is perfect enough to create a tranquil feeling or rather a feeling of tenderness. The painting is so simple but speaks volumes. Arguments that might support the views of critics that emphasize that documentary photographers have made interesting social documents compared to works of art are that the photos majorly footage people in their usual circumstances. They are devoted to presenting the way of life of the deprived or needy people. In addition to that, documentary photography is capable of motivating and enabling people to view the humankind and what happens around us. The photos keep one informed of a lot. On the other hand, documentary photographers also have made interesting artwork compared to social documents. Documentary photography as an artwork has been criticized by many. Some have apprehended upon the emotionless and substance aspects of the

Different Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Different Cultures - Essay Example Maya were never ambitious empire builders, but peaceful people who lived in harmony with nature. Roma are nomads originally lived in North West India, migrated to Persia, Middle East, and then to Constantinople to end in Western Europe and tiny population to US and Canada the last caused by World War II and Communism. Domari, Lomarvren and Romani like clans belong to this origin. This tribe was persecuted by Christians, Germans, were killed as witches, sometimes with legal and royal sanctions, were enslaved in Europe and if ever there was a population which was relentlessly hunted, tortured, systematically exterminated, they were the unfortunate Roma. Hitler went for 'getting rid of Gypsy plague' and Roma were part of holocaust and survivors did not get any support from Allies. They were the common targets of all, and should be appreciated for managing to survive, despite the murderous setbacks. They are still targeted by groups of insanity and governments have not done enough for them in any country. Maya's royalties cemented the kinship and the divine lineage by marrying ruling class members of other cities. Roma married young; courtships were allowed to some extent, but not more. Arranged, practical and sometimes love marriages were practiced, and marriages were a gala three day affair, after which, they lived with groom's parents, and only after they had children, they might be allowed to live a semi-detached life. Daughter in law is kept strictly under control and have to perform all her duties without anything in return. "The daughter-in-law must prove herself to her new family and is expected to perform services with little in return. She is expected to care for her in-laws and produce grandchildren. With the birth of her first child the daughter-in-law moves from the child or bori status to mother-of-the-child status" http://www3.baylor.edu/Charles_Kemp/gypsy_health.htm Maya did not have such rigidities, and marriages did not endanger women folk into slavery. Maya men were responsible for all outside work, earning and decision making. Women were home-bound, but not obsessively so, and took all decisions of home life and maintained a healthy economy. Aged people lived a good and sheltered life in family, because the elders were respected and cherished and here, they are close to Roma, where the house elders only could speak to outsiders and were never interrupted or advised or overruled. Both clans had gender regulated rules where women had to look after home and hearth and men, earning and external responsibilities. But Maya women definitely were more independent than Roma. Maya had rigid class system, but Roma did not have much of it, as all are equal and they were never ruled by kings, but only by a clan headman. Roma consider pregnancy and child birth unclean and keep the event out of familia home. Child is mainly mother's responsibility and mother should maintain state of wuzho and there are varied ceremonies for the father to accept the child as his own. Children are the

A Tiger came to tea Essay Example for Free

A Tiger came to tea Essay Ive never seen so many children so excited about having a snack, It was like when animals are at a zoo, waiting to be fed, when they can see the zookeeper coming towards them. And the hustle and loud noises from the children was like the anticipation of crowds waiting for their favourite singers to come on stage. As soon as the children scoffed their snacks and gulped down their drink, we made our way to where the bouncy castle was outside. Every child was having a great time whether it was running around on the grass, bouncing on the castle or eating its picnic; it looked like the wonderful picture if a stranger was to come in to see what a playgroup did on the days of the summer. A perfect picture of summer with children having fun and enjoying themselves, the sun shining and everyone with huge smiles on their faces.  As I was sitting reading A Tiger came to tea to one little girl, Charlotte, all of a sudden a heard this all mighty cry, I jumped up so quickly that my heart all most stopped. The parents also looked stunned to see what an earth had gone on. I hurried to where the noise was coming from. Some children had even stopped bouncing on the castle, to see what had happened and to get them to stop bouncing on some thing they loved must have been something of a terrible shock. I came to the brightly coloured bouncy castle that had a tiger on the front the noise that usually was quite loud from the air at the back. This noise had somewhat been drowned out completely but the amount of commotion from worried parents and intrigued children. This enjoyable, blissful afternoon had turned into a worrying afternoon of turmoil.  My heart racing, I didnt know what to expect. I could feel my hands and forehead getting more and more sweaty, just like my first day starting. It wasnt a very nice feeling at all.  Still having this little girl sitting comfortably in my lap, I decided that I would go and look to see what the entire disturbance was and if I could do anything to help. I lifted Charlotte off my knees, placed the book down and slowly started to make my way over to the bouncy castle. The weather had turned from sunshine and clear skies, into black clouds and wind, making the atmosphere even more chilling. Approaching the giant inflatable I was feeling tremendously nervous and anxious.  Behind it was a little boy, Nathan, lying there crying and screaming like he had been punched hard in the stomach. The sight of his poor defenceless body made me just want to go and hug him. So that he wouldnt feel alone, that he could find comfort in my arms.  Had he stopped breathing? What if he would never be the same clever, ecstatic little boy that he was?  Blood was pouring from one of his legs and his arm was in an awkward position as if he had fallen on it funny. At that point I knew he had had a nasty plunge. I dint know what to think, I had never experienced anything like this before, especially on such a ting delicate boy. I was shaking, all that was going on inside my head were negative things and this point in time I couldnt think of positive.  Call an Ambulance, shouted Marion who looked very disturbed. Its Nathan, hes hurt  Nathans mum came running to the scene, her face had turned as white as snow, obviously from the shock.  Its on its way shouted one of the other leaders who had gone to call the ambulance. The ambulance turned up within a few minutes and Nathan was rushed off in it, the blue lights flashing, the siren going off, at this point all the children were just amazed at the ambulance. You could hear,  Look, lookambulance or Nee noor. Nee noor from the children.  I looked on in disbelief thinking how could that have happened within the half an hour of everyone enjoying themselves, then this terrible accident that Nathan had encountered. I just wished that he would be ok, that the broken arm and cut leg was the only thing that he had done.

Thematic Critical Paper Essay Example for Free

Thematic Critical Paper Essay Two stories, â€Å"Miss Brill† by Katherine Mansfield and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, are stories about two women’s lives, so different and yet so similar. Mansfield’s Miss Brill is a character which does not provide us with many details about itself. This is a woman who goes to the same park every Sunday to observe the same people, and is not given by the author any particular details to her appearance or character. The only exact thing we know about her from the story is that she is a teacher. Also the conversation of a young couple in the end of the story gives us a little idea of the Miss Brill’s age.   Here â€Å"No, not now, said the girl. Not here, I cant. But why? Because of that stupid old thing at the end there? asked the boy. Why does she come here at allwho wants her? Why doesnt she keep her silly old mug at home?† (Mansfield 124) the dialogue gives a feeling that Miss Brill is probably a woman in her late forties.   So, the character of this story is not a strong individuality at all, but is more like a â€Å"mirror-character†, which only â€Å"reflects† the story. And though the reader seems can read only about one small episode of Miss Brill’s life, it is vividly understood from the context, that this short episode is actually a â€Å"photocopy† of her whole, everyday routine. This woman seems doesn’t exist. The author shows a human being, living in the society, but there are no interests, dear things, personal ideas or thoughts brought in there with her. â€Å" It was like a play. It was exactly like a play.†¦ They were all on the stage. They werent only the audience, not only looking on; they were acting. Even she had a part and came every Sunday† (Mansfield 122). In Faulkner’s story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† we are told the life story of Miss Emily Grierson. Unlike in â€Å"Miss Brill† we find here more facts about her life events. We find some information about her background, her â€Å"noblesse oblige† (Faulkner 72), about her relatives, about her personal life, about her life activities, like china-painting etc. Not a small episode of Emily’s life is described, but the author shows us its different stages, periods and accompanying them events. Nevertheless, it does not help us to reveal the Emily’s character. We know nothing about her feelings, her thoughts and ideas about her life events. We meet no comments of hers as to the things happening with her in the story. We only can observe some changes in her appearance with the time flowing, but we are completely unaware of the character’s inner world. We can find and read the judgmental statements or ideas as to Emily’s life, what it must be or mustn’t be like, of those surrounding her, like â€Å" So we were not surprised when Homer Barronthe streets had been finished some time sincewas gone. We were a little disappointed that there was not a public blowing-off, but we believed that he had gone on to prepare for Miss Emilys coming, or to give her a chance to get rid of the cousins†¦.Sure enough, after another week they departed. And, as we had expected all along, within three days Homer Barron was back in town†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Faulkner 73). All these â€Å"we were not surprised†, â€Å"we were a little disappointed†, â€Å"we believed†, â€Å"we had expected† show us that mainly this is a society, which â€Å"forms† a personality and presents it to the world, but not the personality itself grows and develops. So, to conclude it can be said that though the stories describe two different women, two different lives, different sets of circumstances, they still both tell us about people who seem to live in the society,   but at the same time they are isolated and all alone. They are closed to the world, and their inner world is a mystery known by nobody. Are these two women rare examples of the lost souls? Or are they usual people we come across with everyday? That is a question the stories make us think about. Works cited Inge, M. Thomas, ed. William Faulkner: A Rose for Emily. The Merrill Literary Casebook Series. Columbus: Charles E. Merrill, 1970. Mansfield, Katherine. Miss Brill. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Eds. Kirszner, Laurie G,and Stephen R Mandell, 5th ed. Boston: Wadesworth, 2004.

Analysis Of Traditional Utilitarianism

Analysis Of Traditional Utilitarianism Traditionally, utilitarianism principle holds that any action is ethically right if and only if the total outcomes of the same act are more than the outcomes produced by any other action an agent could have done in its place. According to utilitarianism only one action is right in the final analysis: the action whose net benefits are much more when compared to the ultimate benefits of other alternative possibilities. Both the foreseeable future and the immediate costs and benefits provided by each alternative to each individual need to be taken into consideration together with other indirect consequences. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problem of measurement as one of the traditional problems of utilitarianism. An individual must determine what alternative policies or actions are there for him at any occasion, for every alternative action an individual must estimate both the direct and indirect costs as well as benefits produced by the action on every affected individual by the act on the foreseeable future. Any alternative that gives the biggest sum total of utility need to be chosen as the ethically correct course of action (Paul and Dycus 38). The advantage of utilitarianism is its ability to explain that having some certain types of actions (lying, killing and cheating) are generally wrong in a moral perspective whereas others are ethically right (telling the truth). Traditionally, utilitarians would deny that any form of action is always right or wrong. The utilitarian perspective has been used widely in economics especially in economic techniques such as cost benefit efficiency and analysis. One main set of problems with utilitarianism is centered on the difficulties met in an attempt to measure utility. If we cannot manage to have basic knowledge on which kind of activities will give us the greatest amount of utility, then it will be hard to apply the utilitarian principle. Anything considered valuable is part of the instrumental things because they pave way for other good things. On the other hand intrinsic goods are those that are desirable and independent of other benefits they can produce. Money for instance is an instrumental good while health is an intrinsic good. To effectively compare two actions, there must be some common measure of outcomes. How can one for instance measure child labor? To begin with, it must be noted that the information on the incidence of child labor are very reliable to a point where the exact comparison between the two sources of information is not possible (Weiner 155). According to Bentham, not all individuals are similar when it comes to the issue of capacity to enjoy pain and pleasures. Strength, firmness of mind, health, education lineage, climate, occupation, income, sex among many other things affect individuals sensibility to register and experience pleasures of pain. Actually, Bentham found out that social utility measurement was approximate at its best. It is useless to talk of adding quantities which afterwards after the addition will be distinct as they were before. It is a fact that one mans happiness will not be another mans happiness and a benefit to an individual will not be reflected in a totally diff erent individual. One might pretend to add 20 oranges to 20 lemonsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.this addibility of different forms of happiness may appear false when rigorously considered (Rima 66). Because there was no way to measure happiness or social welfare exactly, some attempt was needed by expediency on the approximate measurement of the net balance. Mill just like Bentham found out that then unifying principle of public policy was the proportion of the good to the number. This means that there should be the greatest good for the greatest number. Mill was very concerned on the exact nature of the general rule in particular with what utilitarianism include in terms of pleasure and pain (Stuart 210). It is very hard to rely on utilitarianism as the only method of making a decision because of the need to assign values to benefits and negative consequences of our actions and compare with the positive and negative consequences that might come up as a result of other actions. It is often impossible or very difficult to measure and compare the values of some costs and benefits. How can we for instance go about assigning a value to art or life? And how can one compare the value of life with that of life, time or human dignity? In addition, can we be ever certain on all of the outcomes of our actions? Our ability to predict and measure harms and benefits as a result of certain moral rule or cause of action is dubious to say the least (Habibi 98). May be the biggest challenge with utilitarianism is that it does not consider justice. Like in the case of doctor/innocent man, such course of action can produce great benefits for the society but the truth is that the action is unjust. When a doctor decides to compromise the life of one healthy who has some organs which can save the lives of five of unhealthy patients, the act appears to be unjust but the benefit is greater. After all one life has been used bring back five other lives that would have otherwise been lost. Utilitarianism argues that it is better to lose one life and save five other lives. Mill found it hard to define whom to include in the Maximand although he managed to answer it on pragmatic perspectives. Also, Mill found it hard to define an individual not to mention social happiness. In his strongest reactions to Bentham, Mill managed to differentiate between an individuals good and happiness. The biggest happiness of the biggest number is to become our invariable guide, and the greatest happiness of living men is not of men to come; for if there is posterity, who can be our guide? Who has the capacity to prejudge our future of men living by that time and how frequent would their biggest form of happiness consist in regard to their biggest errors? (Lacey 210). Utilitarian goal was then reformulated by Mill and in the process rejected what he perceived to be a narrow and excessive definition of utility by Bentham. On his emphasis on spiritual nature, Mill managed to argue that any gain of material nature is not the final goal for any society. A broader notion of improvement and moral tone were then integrated into utilitarian goal. He maintained that utility is part of the ultimate basis for moral obligations. These dimensions had a lot of implications on the economic policy which according to Mill in the minimum terms was to suit and at best improve the publics moral character. Mill however on various occasions questioned the effectiveness of institutional changes that did not intend to bring a moral improvement and eventually not achieve lasting effects (Bay 39). Mill insisted that in utilitarianism the same amounts of happiness are equally needed whether felt by different individuals or the same individual. Mill Championed for equality and impartiality freed both popularly and the enlightened as not corollary individuals of utilitarianism but part of the very meaning of utilitarianism: a principle that is seen to be lacking actions and rationale signification, unless an individuals happiness supposed same in status is counted for precisely as much as someone elses. However, every one has equal claim to all means to happiness. The greatest happiness perception remained problematic nevertheless, because the amount of was not directly measurable as Mills put it supposed equal in degree. The anterior principle of Utilitarianism it is permitted is that the arithmetic rule is applicable to the value of happiness just like all other quantities which can be measured. Mill argued that the only measure of quantity comprised of the verdict of individuals who had encountered different quantities of pleasurable sensations. Infact on a serious point, Mill argued that pleasures differed in type and amounts; but unable to give a clear-cut means of either ranking types of pleasures or measuring total pleasure (Lueck and Allen 66). If our decisions based on morals are to take into account issue of justice, then utilitarianism apparently cannot be the only guiding principle in our decision making process. However, it can play a significant role in the process. Utilitarianism principle invites us to take into account the immediate as well as the long term outcomes of our actions. Provided its insistence on summing harms and benefits of different people, utilitarianism needs us to project our vision beyond our personal interest to avoid favoritism on people affected by our actions. On the issue of perverse pleasures, Mill managed to come up with a very strong conception of ethical values on the basis of consequences of a particular action. He defined in a clear manner the kind of consequences that would count in determining whether the action is right or wrong as pleasure and pain. All living things are trying to avoid pain and seek pleasure. Because the main aim of ethics is to come with the best world, the purpose is to maximize the total pleasure available in the world and minimize the any pain as much as possible. The creed which accepts as the basis of morals, greatest happiness principle or utility, holds that actions are proportionally right because they tend to promote happiness and proportionally wrong when the result is sadness. By happiness is purported pleasure with no pain; by sadness is intended pain and lack of pleasure (wood 100). Initially, it sounded perverse or even trivial to some individuals who believe that pleasure is usually connected to an immoral act. Mill considered pain and pleasure in their most basic stages. For instance hunger is an evil because it causes pain. Mill also pointed out that preventable death is a way of denying one pleasure hence forms part of an evil. The main moral point that Mill is trying to present is that there is need to judge the ethical value of our actions on the general consequences it has for individuals in terms of pain and pleasure. The greatest principle of happiness holds that the less pain and the more the pleasure an action causes, the better it is in moral perspective. We should therefore seek to participate in those activities and be part of policies that lead to greatest happiness.

Print vs. Preaching in the Spread of Protestant Ideas Essay -- Religio

When considering the spread of Protestantism, it is essential to look at the role of printing and preaching. First, looking at printing, there is definitely a correlation between the rise of print and Protestantism, however print was only a substantial industry in countries like Germany, France and Italy, and even there, printed materials were only accessible to a literate minority. Second, the role of preaching must be considered, in spite of accusations by historians such as Susan Karant-Nunn, that it didn’t have a clear message and developed incoherently, this essay will argue that preaching via sermons and focusing on scripture was still as effective as pre-reformation sermons, as Luther and Calvin were very good orators. In addition, preaching was not just confined to the pulpit, oral communication among the general public, and the memorisation and recitation of catechism (the summary of the principles of Christian religion in the form of questions and answers, used for r eligious instruction ) also helped to spread the Protestant ideas. A key factor when looking at the spread of Protestantism is the use of printing during this period. Luther, shortly after his Ninety-Five Theses (1517), during the 1520s, used pamphlets to spread his message and ideas around . It is clear by using the printing press Protestant ideas could be spread to a wider group of people from within Germany, to the rest of Europe and this â€Å"created a new reading public, who seized eagerly on the reformers’ ideas to form a large-scale ‘public opinion’† .There were also further implications as Andrew Pettegree and Matthew Hall point out â€Å"[the printed book] was absolutely paramount in first creating public interest in the controversies surrounding Luther, the... ...6) pp. 19-20. Pettegree and Hall p.801. Ibid 804. Pettegree p.11. Scribner and Dixon pp. 19-20. Ibid p.18. Pettegree p.17 and p.23. Ibid p.19. Ibid p.20. Pettegree and Hall p.796. Gerald Strauss., 'Lutheranism and literacy: a reassessment' in Religion and society in early modern Europe 1500-1800, ed. By K. Von Greyerz (London: German Historical Institute, 1984), 109-123 (p.115). Ibid pp.10-11. Ibid p.10 Ibid p.117. Ibid p.114 Pettegree p.18. Ibid p.19. Martin Luther, 'On the Babylonish Captivity of the Church', (1520), in Culture and belief in Europe, 1450-1600 : an anthology of sources eds. by David Englander, et al. (Oxford, UK ; Cambridge, Mass., USA: Blackwell in association with the Open University, 1990) pp. 177-180 (p.180). Scribner and Dixon p.20. Pettegree, p.24. Ibid p.23. Ibid p.23-24.

Reform Movements :: reformations

Reform movements including religion, temperance, abolition, and women's rights sought to expand democratic ideals in the years 1825 to 1850. However, certain movements, such as nativism and utopias, failed to show the American emphasis on a democratic society. The reform movements were spurred by the Second Great Awakening, which began in New England in the late 1790's, and would eventually spread throughout the country. The Second Great Awakening differed from the First in that people were now believed to be able to choose whether or not to believe in God, as opposed to previous ideals based on Calvinism and predestination. According to Charles G. Finney, the role of the church is to reform society (Doc. B). In 1834, he said, "When the churches are...awakened and reformed, the reformation and salvation of sinners will follow." Finney had been influenced by Second Great Awakening ideals. He goes on to say that "drunkards, harlots, and infidels" would also be converted do to reform by the church. In this sense, the Second Great Awakening helped expand democratic ideals by bettering the moral standards of the common man. In 1835, Another example of democratic growth can be shown by Document C, where Patrick Reason created an engraving depicting a black female slave in chains and shackles. Above her is the quote, ‘Am I not a woman and a sister?' This reflects how the abolition and women's movements often tied into one another since both of these movements helped expand democratic ideals in that they desired increased rights, such as suffrage for minorities. For example, The Grimke sisters, Angelina and Sarah were southern abolitionists who also played a role in the Women's Movement. Susan B. Anthony who was a Quaker, was therefore opposed to the immorality slavery but also played a role in the movement calling for equality and rights of women. Anthony was inspired by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who was also active in both movements, but very famous for her aggressive action in the Women's Movement, which can be shown by Document I. Elizabeth Cady Stanton played a very important role in The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848. This convention also sought to expand democratic ideals, and more radically than perhaps any other event of any movement. They produced a declaration which stated that all men and women are created equal, and should therefore be treated equal. Stanton believed that women should be equally "represented in the government" and demanded for the right to vote.

Terrain Force: Universal Invasion :: essays research papers

Captain! Sensors pick up a huge fleet of 12,596 ships they out number us 8 to 3148," Brister said in a futile voice. "Arm all weapons prepare to vent the plague throughout the universe," Kristin ordered."Enemy fleet in range," Mandalon said. "Slow to  ¼ impulse," Austin ordered. "32 ships against an armada of ships? Their stupid," Golduran said. "Magnificent valor. Tell squadrons one through fifty to attack," Austin ordered."Captain, they've crossed the minefield," Robert yelled. "Blow it. All ships prepare to engage," Kristin ordered. The mine field exploded destroying 6,250 vessels. "Lock phasers and fire!," yelled Kristen."You will pay Klingon dog," yelled Scorpius. "To the success of Austin Jarvis, the true Master of the Universe," shouted and praised Dark Specter."Austin has won!," yelled General Moff as Darth Kliptor began to torture the Romulans."Sir, I'm impressed they've really lasted so long now I believe it's time to send in the massive vessels," Golduran implied to his attention. "All ships begin the invasion," Austin ordered. The final assault began on the last of the federation fleet but the heaviest of losses came to the alliance 32 ships four destroyed and 4,471 alliance ships remaining."We are winning this War!," shouted Major Brand. "No we haven't according to this there are 6,250 more ships coming," reported Lt. Brister. "Deploy the bussard ramscoope plague. Lock quantum torpedoes," Kristen Smith ordered. The bussard ramscoops on both warp nacelle were released venting a virogen plague. "Lock and fire!," yelled Kristen. The torpedo hit expanding the plague throughout the universe and knocking the relativity back to the final days of the old universe.On Earth, "Target the sun and prepare to fire," said Eric Menasco. "Don't we can win this war!," yelled the commander Auberjonous. "We can?," Eric replied."Open fire!," Kristen yelled. The new Relativity destroyed Valtron's support ships as all federation and allies fleets made a final stand which destroyed his ship, the Alliance, and the Draak. The portal to the other universe sucked them in; Valtron, the Alliance, and finally the Draak into the abyss. "Welcome home who ever," said a voice. "This is the starship U.S.S. Relativity-A under command of Captain Kristen Smith and damn do you look ever so good," Kristen said.In the abyss, "I was defeated after two-thousand years humans out race3s the humans beat me!," Valtron said as he began to cry. "Your not alone. Valtron," said Austin. "So the Sha' Kurians were defeated as well.

The Impact of Tourism on Benidorm

Map of Benidorm Before the tourist hype Benidorm was a small fishing village, with a relatively small population – whose main income was obtained through fishing the local coast, the Costa del Sol – but quickly became Spain's biggest holiday resort for people from foreign countries, and at its peak, it was attracting four million tourists each year.Benidorm in the 1960’s Between 1930 and 1970 it became one of the most visited tourist destinations. The fact that it’s in one of the most southern regions of Spain and is faces the sun is one of the many reasons so many people were drawn to Benidorm. Another reason it became so popular is the fact that it is only a 2-3 hour flight from most places in Europe and it’s cheap and affordable for most families. For the majority of the local people tourism is their income in one way or another, with 85% of income being from tourism. Benidorm is the most affluent area of Spain due to tourism. There is loads of work for the local people and most are flexible due to their nature. There is also a sense of globalisation as people get to get a taste of a different culture for example eating in foreign food restaurants. Overcrowding in Benidorm There is however some major negative impacts of tourism in Benidorm, for example it is overcrowded, the population has increased from 700,000 to 110,000,00. A lot of the negative impacts effect the local environment such as hardly any of the beach is natural and is constantly having to be replenished due to erosion mainly due to humans. There is also too much rubbish to deal with and roads are congestion due to too many cars and too little busses. Local people who aren’t that wealthy may also struggle to fins houses as house prices have increased due to the high demand for second homes, people are also reliant on tourism and there is a loss of independence. Over the last few years Benidorm has been trying to shake of the â€Å"lager lout† reputation it became to develop mainly due to amount of British tourist go there just to party and become disorderly. Tourism officials decided they did not want that label and wanted to make it more family friendly and are determined to shake the bad reputation they have developed due to the amount of drunken people. There are plans to build more 4-5 star hotels to regain the tourist they had started to lose due to their bad reputation

Network Design in Supply Chain

18. 12. 2011 Fusun Ulengin MANUFACTURER OR DISTRIBUTOR STORAGE WITH CUSTOMER PICKUP 18. 12. 2011 Fusun Ulengin MANUFACTURER OR DISTRIBUTOR STORAGE WITH CUSTOMER PICKUP ? Inventory is stored at the distributor or manufacturer ? Orders are shipped to designated pickup points where customers come and pick up their order 18. 12. 2011 Fusun Ulengin MANUFACTURER OR DISTRIBUTOR STORAGE WITH CUSTOMER PICKUP ? Cost factors ? Inventory; is low, aggregation at the manufacturer or distributor ? Transportation is lowest when using package carrier due to aggregation at pickup locations Facility and handling; facility costs are high if pick-up location does not exist already. Handling costs at pickup locations are high. ? Information system; More elaborative and sophisticated, extra system at the pickup locations. ? Service factors ? Response times; comparable to delivery with package carriers ? Customer experience; worse since customer has to pickup the item himself. On the other hand, since custo mer do not need to wait at home for delivery and customer can pay cash at the pickup location instead of paying online in advance, some customers may like pickup option better. Time to market is similar to other options with manufacturer storage ? Order visibility is very important. Customers should be informed when their orders arrive. ? Returns are easier to handle at pickup location. Returns can be aggregated and shipped back from pickup locations. 18. 12. 2011 Fusun Ulengin RETAIL STORAGE WITH CUSTOMER PICKUPS ? Inventories are stored in retail stores, customers walk into the store to pick the items they want or items they have ordered online or by phone. Mixed order placement options. Most traditional option. 8. 12. 2011 Fusun Ulengin RETAIL STORAGE WITH CUSTOMER PICKUPS ? Cost Factors ? Inventory costs are higher than other options as the inventories are disaggregated and held locally ? Transportation costs are lower than other solutions. Inexpensive modes can be used to reple nish inventories at retail outlets. ? Facility costs are high. Many local facilities. ? Information system; Minimal if there is no online ordering option. For online option more complex information system especially for order visibility. ? Service Factors Response times are very good. Same day pickup for most products. ? Product variety is lower than other options. ? Product availability is costly to keep high. ? Customer experience depends on if the customer likes to shop or not. ? Time to market is highest. ? Order visibility is important if online ordering is allowed. ? Returns can be handled at the stores easily. 18. 12. 2011 Fusun Ulengin E-BUSINESS AND THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ? Impact of E-Business on Customer Service ? Response time; For product that can be downloaded very fast.For physical products takes longer to fulfill an order than regular retail stores. ? Product variety; easier to offer variety than brick-and-mortar store. (Amazon; imagine the retail store with the sa me variety offered by Amazon) ? Product availability; Better information gathering and forecasting. Better mach between supply and demand, improved product availability. ? Customer experience; ? ? ? Access; 24 hour access. Geographically eliminating the access limits. Customization; customization of product and shopping experience. Dell, Amazon – displays related products) Convenience; Making the purchase at where you are.. Increased speed of conducting business. (e. g. Use of previous data for address info) ? Time to market; Fast. A new product can be made available as soon as a the first unit is ready. Dell exploits this feature. ? Order visibility; Critical to provide. Internet makes this happen. ? Returnability; Harder issue compared to traditional stores since items are sent from a central location usually. More returns with online purchases. 18. 12. 2011Fusun Ulengin E-BUSINESS AND THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ? Impact of E-Business on Customer Service ? Other benefits of e -business ? ? ? 18. 12. 2011 Enhanced revenues for manufacturers by eliminating intermediaries and having direct contact with customer. Dell v. s. HP. Flexible pricing, promotion and product portfolio ? Airline last-minute low cost seat, Dell’s ability of dynamic pricing depending on the component availability and demand. Efficient fund transfers; Quicker and cheaper. Fusun Ulengin E-BUSINESS AND THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK Impact of E-Business on Cost ? Inventory; Better mach of supply and demand, geographical aggregation lowers inventories. Ability of postponement also helps reducing inventory costs. ? Facilities and Handling ? ? ? ? Less and centralized facilities, fewer intermediaries lower facility cost. E-business can reduce the handling costs in order fulfillment by having the customer do some part of the process, e. g. checking product availability, entering details of the order. Smoothing the rate of order fulfillment, thus reducing the resource requirements.Unlike the retail stores orders don’t have to be processed as soon as they arrive. On the downside, for some products like groceries, an e-business has to carry out some tasks currently performed by the customers at retail stores. E. g. Picking the items customer wants and carrying home. ? Transportation; Usually higher cost due to increased outbound transportation costs. For downloadable products, significantly less transportation cost. ? Information; Shared demand information, better coordination and collaboration reduces the overall supply chain costs.The cost of setting up the information system required can be significant. 18. 12. 2011 Fusun Ulengin E-BUSINESS AND THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ? The value that e-business brings is not the same in every industry. ? Dell; a success story while Webvan is a failure ? E-business-Scorecard can be used to help decide if e- business is appropriate for your business, how it effects your distribution network in costs and customer services. ? All the costs and customer service factors are given a integer score from +2 (very positive) to -2(very negative) 18. 12. 2011 Fusun Ulengin

Dashboard Mockup for Bigbazaar

Weakness Poor customer service Availability of goods in store is less when compared to online Delivery of goods ordered online takes at least 2-3 weeks Weak marketing and advertising Opportunities Providing wide range of products in store Improve the online delivery' system Expansion of stores in all over the country and neighboring countries Threats Online shopping websites Demand of goods Inflation Low space to provide for all goods in store Gap Analysis To improve market share in coming yearsTo improve marketing and advertising in next two years To improve customer service both online and in store increase customer base and by providing membership cards Objectives and Goals Maintaining low costs of products and providing quality goods at all times Meeting the demand of customers by analyzing the requirements of customer Proportioning delivery services and enhancing customer services Starting memberships to increase customers and providing them with discounts on purchases Avoiding stealing or shoplifting in stores Key Performance Indicators (Kepi's): Kepi's are also known as key success actors Of a company.They usually help an organization in labeling its goals and measuring organizational development linked to the objectives. Following are some of the Kepi's designed for Bizarre that are aligned with its goals and objectives. Net revenue Number of new stores Deliver Eng services Customer satisfaction reports Memberships registered monthly Number of thefts occurring monthly Net revenue: This KIP is directly aligned with first goal, second goal and fourth goal.The overall revenue of the organization is directly affected by the sales of the products. If Bizarre maintains the price and quality of goods properly then there will be an exponential growth in sales, which Will increase the net revenue as well. With the increase in number of stores to meet demand of the customer, increase in number of stores also plays a key role in net revenue. To attract customers g ift coupons and discounts can be offer to regular customers with membership which will increase sales.As profits play a vital role in companies' future, we need to go through revenue every quarter. As bizarre is a nation wide company with over 700 million dollar venue in last year it is essential to keep in mind that threshold value or minimum value for each quarter must not be less than 180 million dollars which is represented by yellow color. Any revenue above can be considered as good profit margin and is denoted by green and revenue below 180 should be considered as danger zone and is denoted by red color.If a quarters revenue is in red then it should be considered as an alert and authorities must revise their goals and objectives. Number of new stores: This KIP is primarily linked to second goal of meeting customers demand and plays a role in increasing net revenue. As there is a vast need of products that is required by customers and not everyone likes to purchase online. Incr easing number Of stores yearly to meet the demand will also increase sales of Bizarre. To achieve this Bizarre needs to open stores in north, south, west, and east regions in India.Opening of stores can be schedules in quarterly basis. To achieve the goal and produce good outputs company has to open more than 25 stores in each quarter if this criterion is met than the graph is represented in green color. The management can handle more than 20 stores per quarter, which is labeled in allow color. However, if the stores opened per quarter is less than 20, then the production of the company will be effected hence it must be considered as an alert and new stores should be planned for the next quarter.Delivering services: This KIP is aligned with part of third goal that is proportioning delivery system. Most of the customers prefer shopping in store mainly because with in Store shopping products are obtained instantly. However, by providing proper information and good delivery system onli ne shopping can decrease strain of driving. As Bizarre has to compete with its competitors, t must provide a good delivery system through which it can gain profits. To monitor delivery service we must concentrate on delivery percentage obtained every year.For Bizarre to maintain a good delivery system it is important that delivery percentage is 60 or above which is moderate and any percentage above 70 should be considered a good percentage of deliveries. If the percentage is less than 60, then the issue must be taken to officials notice. Customer satisfaction report: This KIP is affiliated to a part of third goal, which is to enhance customer service. For any retail store, it is very important to maintain a good customer service relationship.To see through that there is a good reputation on customer services offered by the store we can conduct survey and call members to get feedback from them and ask them to rate the services on a scale of five. Getting grade of 4 or 5 can be consid ered as good, which is colored in green and a grade of three can be reflected as moderate that is colored in yellow, which means it can be improved with little effort. But a grade of 1 or 2 should be considered as threshold and colored as red and a serious effort has to be put into rectifying the customer services. The aim is to get at least 60% of the customers to grade amongst 4 or 5.Memberships registered monthly: This KIP addresses fourth goal, which states to increase memberships by offering coupons and discounts. While increasing membership organization can gather information regarding purchase patterns of customers and improve stores structure. Members can get coupons and discounts on purchases, which makes them regular customer this will also help improve sales and revenue. As Bizarre is a nationwide company with many branches, there should be at least 7000 new customers every month registering for membership, which is moderate and is represented with yellow color.If the num ber of memberships registered is 8500 or above it should be considered as good and is represented with green color. If the number of new memberships registered is less than 7000, it must be colored in red and this issue must be informed to marketing department. Number of thefts occurring monthly: This KIP is directly linked to fifth goal that is to avoid shoplifting and stealing in stores. Shoplifting is one of the reasons, which causes a massive loss to the store. Some security measures need to be taken in order to avoid thefts in stores.

Regulatory Bodies

ROLE OF REGULATORY BODIES INTRODUCTION Health Professionals such as nurses doctors, Pharmacist and many others are regulated and licensed by regulatory bodies as required by provincial legislation. All nurses are required to be licensed to practice with their designated provincial nursing regulatory body. Legal responsibility in nursing practice is becoming of greater importance as each year passes. In order to provide safe and competent nursing care an understanding of legal boundaries is very essential. It is important to know the law in one state and the authorities enforcing these laws. VITAL ROLE OF REGULATORY BODIES * To ensure the public’s light to quality health care service. * To support and assist professional members. * Set and enforce standards of nursing practice. * Monitor and enforce standards for nursing education. * Monitor and enforce standards of nursing practice. * Set the requirements for registration of nursing professionals. Nursing regulatory bodies also known as colleges or associations, are responsible for the licensing of nurses with in their respective provinces territory. The Nursing Regulatory bodies receives their authority from legislation. MAJOR TYPES OF REGULATORY BODIES * The central government. * The state government * Institutional Rules * Trained Nurses Association of India * International council for Nurses * American Nurses Association * Canadian Nurses Association * National League for Nursing ROLE OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT The central government is a source of regulatory body in three ways, through. 1) Government service conduct rules 2) The Indian Nursing council Act 3) The English law THE GOVERNMENT SERVICE CONDUCT RULES These are detailed rules of conduct for are government employees. Examples of these are the requirement to maintain absolute integrity, devotion to duty and high standards of moral behaviour. Only a few are applicable to the nursing practice, but all would be applicable to the practice of a nurse employed by the government. INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL ACT The Indian Nursing Council, which was authorised by the Indian Nursing Council Act of 1947, was established In 1949 for the purpose providing uniform standards in nursing education and reciprocity in nursing registration throughout the country. The only national legislation directly related to nursing practice, also provides a basis from which rules for nursing practice can be developed. Among other responsibilities, this Act gives authority to the Indian Nursing Council for prescribing curricula for nursing education and recognising qualifications of institutions with teaching programmes for nursing. This means that the INC has authority to control nursing education and what the nurse is prepared to do. It is important because legal responsibility does finally depend upon what you should be able to do and how you should do it as well as what you are not prepared to do. The INC uses this authority in nursing education but it delegates authority for control of nursing practice to the State Nurses’ Registration Councils. INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL The Indian Nursing Council was authorized by the Indian Nursing Act of 1947. It was established in 1949 to providing uniform standards in nursing education and reciprocity in nursing registration through out the country. Nurses registered in one stat were not necessarily recognized for registration in another state before this time. The Condition of mutual recognition by the state Nurses Registration Councils, which is called reciprocity, was possible only if uniform standards of nursing education were maintained. FUNCTIONS OF INC 1) It provide uniform standards of in nursing education and reciprocity in nursing registration. 2) It has authority to prescribe curriculum for nursing education in all states. 3) It has authority to recognize programme for nursing education or to refuse recognition of a programme if it did not meet the standards required by the council. ) To provide the Registration of foreign nurses and for the maintance of the Indian Nurses Register. 5) The INC authorizes State Nurses Registration Council and Examining Board to issue qualifying certificates. The INC has been given heavy responsibilities for nursing practice and nursing education but it has not been able to exert enough power to support high standards in nursing. ENGLISH LAW The law based upon the English Pattern is the third way in which the Central Government is a source of legal authority. These laws are very specific and make you â€Å"liable for negligence† or answerable to the laws for acts of carelessness. The laws summarised below are given for medical practitioners including nurses. 1) The right to refuse to the treat a patient expect in an emergency situation. 2) The right to sue for fees. (Applicable only to private duty nurse or private practitioners: other nurses are salaried. ) 3) The right to add a titile descriptions to one’s name. Any title, description, abbreviation or letter which implies nolding a degree, diploma, license or certificate showing particular qualifications may be added. (Improper use of these is often prohibited by State Nurses Registration Acts. The right to wear the Red Cross Emblem is given only to members of the Army medical service. 4) Unregistered practitioners are not allowed to hold positions or appointments in public and local hospitals 5) Fundamental duties. a) To exercise a reasonable degree of skill and knowledge in treating patients. The standard held is that exercised by other reputable members of the same profession in similar circumstan ces. b) Once a relationship to a patient has been established, there is an obligation to attend the patient as long as necessary unless the patient requests withdrawal or notice is given of intention to withdraw. ) A practitioner must give personal attention to his cases and answer calls with reasonable promptness. d) Children must be protected from harming themselves. e) Special precautions must be taken in the case of adults who are incapable of taking care of themselves. 6) The Indian Penal Code demands that poisonous drugs be kept in separate containers properly labeled and marked. Care must be taken not to mix with nonpoisonous drugs. 7) There is a duty of secrecy to the patients. Records must be treated as confidential unless the practitioner is called upon to give evidence in court. 8) Dangerous diseases must be reported. (Theses will vary in different parts of the country. ) 9) Nurses as considered solely responsible for their own professional acts irrespective of the employing authority. A fine is the usual penalty imposed for disobeying the law stated above, although imprisonment is also possible. The central responsibility consists mainly of Policy making, palnning, guiding, assisting evaluating and Co. ordinating the work.

Making Communication Count Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Making Communication Count - Essay Example This can lead to negative impact in the workplace or at home. Incidences of ineffective communication have been witnessed in the case of senior policemen, politicians, newspaper editors among others. Therefore, it is vital for a person to understand his communication skills in order to determine whether he is communicating in an effective manner to other parties (Papa, 2014). This paper will evaluate a scenario that targets the use of verbal and non-verbal communication skills in an effective manner, and how to foster effective communication in an organization. In an organizational setting, ineffective communication manifests itself either in a verbal or nonverbal mode of interaction. For instance, ineffective verbal communication is vague, uses jargon, and is hard to follow. Conversely, ineffective nonverbal communication takes place when verbal messages fail to rhyme with nonverbal actions. With regard to verbal communication, there are those people who tend to overwhelm their audience with words. When a listener is overwhelmed, he does not have the time to gather his thoughts on what is being said. The listener also finds it difficult to elaborate the situation in order to gather more understanding. In case communication flows for a long time, then it becomes irrelevant to those people who get switched off (Manning & Curtis, 2003). A number of managers have been noted to communicate to their listeners what they feel is appropriate to them with the hope that they can do something about it. However, this path makes the listeners to switch off for failing to address their needs in an effective manner. Also, some senior executives in an organization assume that their listeners have understood what they are talking about. This is the case where people do not understand the language being used because it is their second language. This leads to confusion,

Management of Utilities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management of Utilities - Assignment Example Further, this establishment will ensure compliance with regulatory requirements, health standard, and guidelines established by various stakeholders in the health sector. An effective preventive maintenance program and the establishment of reference documents for each system will ensure good utility management. On the other hand, contingency plans in the event of a utility system failure should be established and the introduction of performance evaluation of the various systems put in place (Hal, James, and Wayne, 2004). The establishment of such a system that will incorporate the various components of utility management will be quite effective in the provision of quality health care and increase in income of this nursing home. In utility management, the plan identifies the various stakeholders and educates them on their use. After its implementation, the way the stakeholders respond should subsequently be monitored and the improvement cycle established to identify the weaknesses and the strengths of the system. This plan will also help in giving a guideline on the responsibilities and the delegation of duties among the staff members so as to improve performance by elimination of duplication and conflicts of targets. Review of the progress is recommended to ensure that the management system is performing and hence maintenance. A quality control department needs to be established in the nursing home under utility management and with collaboration with risk management. Under utility management, it will establish the procedures for the reduction of health hazards as depicted by the Harvard analysis Critical Control Point. Emergency procedures should also be well illustrated in the plan in the event of utility system malfunction. The consumer-inspired quality is one of the methodologies used in performance measurement.  

There are myths surrounding creativity. The intangible nature of Essay - 1

There are myths surrounding creativity. The intangible nature of creativity does not lend itself to easy definition - Essay Example It takes place generally when the recent product plan is really implemented (Thompson, 1965). The author favours this definition because it makes creativity or innovation tangible as well as measurable relatively than a theoretical concept. In organization, innovation is observed as a relating process consisting of different stages. First stage is expressed as the commencement stage where the new proposal is introduced, authorized, and established for adoption. Next stage is described as the implementation phase which comprises of the changes in the actual management that happens in the company, as the modernization is placed into operation (Rogers, 1983). The aim of the paper is to explain the hypothesis of different models and theories on innovation and to focus on the fact that how innovation is important for the organization. This model is projected by Eric Von Hippel, which explains the type of innovation whereby the users originates the changes as well as carry out distribution and production. This model could also be relevant to the physical products. Innovation is reasonably viable to handle without a producer if three circumstances are satisfied: the continuation of an inducement for the users to create or innovate; the continuation of an incentive in order to disclose innovations; and the probability to allocate innovations at the low cost. This model describes interesting patterns of innovation that have possibly existed in certain areas but have not been observed until now by the specialists of innovation (Haddon, 2006). It proposed that the manufacture as innovator postulation is wrong; a new means to classify investors has been planned. It explains that the innovation of product could initiate from any one of the three distinct sources i.e. users, producers and suppliers; who are also considere d as innovators (Edquist, Hommen and Tsipouri, 2000). The main consequence is that the ‘distributed innovation procedure’

Building Environmental Assessment Method (BEAM) Assignment

Building Environmental Assessment Method (BEAM) - Assignment Example Methods by which to benchmark and enhance execution becomes the deliberate plan that grew in association with, and received by the business, at a level that makes it one of the main plans on the planet; and a driver for and implies by which to maintain solid, effective, and environment neighborly living up to expectations or living environment. Beam grasps a scope of good practices in arranging, outline, development, administration, operation, and upkeep of structures. It is adjusted to neighborhood regulations, measures and codes of practice. The beam models practices in arranging and outline. Model practices in administration, operation, and support. Practices in development and dispatching, praiseworthy best practices in meeting lawful necessities. A solid building needs to influence the soundness of its client or the earth. Pillar underlines indoor natural quality and comforts as key execution markers, with the legitimate thought of the neighborhood, provincial and worldwide ecological effects (Chung & Burnett, 1999). The BEAM plan is interesting in the way that it: Grasps an extensive variety of maintainability issues; Covers the entire life execution of structures; evaluates new structures just upon culmination, and guaranteeing real execution; Chooses BEAM Assessors arbitrarily for the venture confirmation; and Embraces administration, operation and support practices to guarantee an abnormal state of building execution (Chung & Burnett, 1999). The beam upgrades the nature of structures in Hong Kong that animate interest for structures that are more feasible. It gives an acknowledgment for enhanced execution and minimizing false claims; Give a far-reaching arrangement of execution benchmarks that can be sought after by designers and proprietors; Lessen the natural effect of structures for the entire time of the life cycle, and guarantee that ecological contemplations as incorporated for the comfortable outline and arranging stages.

Antietam Battle Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Antietam Battle Analysis - Essay Example Besides, the growth and development of democratic ideas forced the Northern States to fight against the Southern states which was under the influence of slavery, forced labor and slave trade. The battle of Antietam can be considered as a turning point in history of the struggle for freedom and individual liberty in America. Still, the victory of the Union forces under the direct leadership of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan proves the importance of military tactics, experience and single minded dedication in the battle field. On the other side, the Confederate forces failed to defeat the Union forces because they did not provide ample importance to military tactics and waited for reinforcement forces. In short, the battle of Antietam led the Americans, especially the African American slaves, towards freedom from slavery and forced labor. The Battle of Antietam occurred on 17 September 1862, in and the surrounding areas of Sharpsburg. The other areas include Maryland and Antietam Creek. The battle occurred between the Confederate forces (Confederate States Army) and Union forces (Union Army) in the American mainland. This battle is generally considered as a turning point in the American Civil War, which ignited the spirit of freedom among the slaves, especially the African Americans in America. The Confederate side was led by General Robert E. Lee, and the Union Army was under the direct control of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan. ... Besides, the Battle of Antietam was a single-day battle but it resulted in high casualty. Both the opposing sides were forced to suffer heavy loss because thousands of deaths were reported. But the lack of planning related to warfare techniques hindered the Union Army from destroying the Southern Army. To be specific, Union forces possessed enough resources to destroy the Southern side. But lack of planning from the side of McClellan helped the Southern Army to have ample time to withdraw from the battlefield. Eventually, the Southern forces withdrew from Maryland to Virginia. On the other side, the Southern side’s decision to withdraw from Maryland helped Abraham Lincoln to announce and implement the decision to prohibit slavery and free the slaves in America. So, one can see that the Antietam Battle eventually led America to be a unified federation, which is against slavery and in favor of democratic ideas. Some of the resources used in this work include: Battle of Antietam: The Bloodiest Day by Ted Alexander, Grant and Lee: Victorious American and Vanquished Virginian by Edward H. Bonekemper, and Historical Atlas of the United States, with Original Maps by Derek Hayes. Review Strategic Setting: As pointed out, Antietam Battle ignited the spirit of democratic though and changed the general opinion on slavery and forced labor. The immediate cause of the battle is interconnected with the clash between the southern and Northern states in America on slavery, forced labor, and slave trade. Stephen W. Sears claims that â€Å"The realities of Antietam were brought home to the Northern citizenry more vividly than any previous battle† (Sears 2003, 20).1 The

Bread Givers by Anzia Yezierska Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bread Givers by Anzia Yezierska - Essay Example Flint is a slaveholder and owns Linda who is a black slave on his plantation. Dr. Flint is the tormenter and burden in Linda's life for all of her early years. Linda and Sara live under the ruling of these men until neither can take it any longer. Both girls eventually escape, through many struggles, to start their own life and leave their past behind. Reb Smolinsky and Dr. Flint closely relate when it comes to the topic of work and attitude. Both put their underlings to work while they do what they want with their sufficient free time. Reb Smolinsky does not work but instead lives his life studying the Torah and memorizing every aspect of it while his daughters work full time and bring home all of their wages to him, keeping nothing for themselves. His wife waits on him hand and foot while he gets the first choice for every meal set on the table. At one point in the story when they came into some money, Sarah mentions, "Now all of us had meat for the Sabbath- not only father. And sometimes Mother had a half chicken for Father" (Yezierska 29). This shows that the father almost always had either a larger portion of meat or the only portion, never feeling bad for the rest of the family. When they moved to America, Reb made his wife and children carry his Holy books "instead of taking along feather beds, and the samovar, and the bras s pots and pans like other people"(Yezierska 8). He only thought of himself and what he wanted for his daughters and wife. Reb Smolinsky's cold, selfish attitude and undesirable personality can also be seen in Dr. Flint. Dr. Flint also had his slaves waiting on him hand and foot while he got to eat whatever he wanted and tells them to do whatever it was he wanted them to do. He realizes the extent of his authority and uses it constantly as to remind Linda of the absence of her freedom and the extent of his tyranny. At one point, Dr. Flint says to Linda, "Never look to me for help. You are my slave, and shall always be my slave. I will never sell you, that you may depend upon." (Jacobs 60). Here he is making his authority and her inferiority clear to put her hopes down and raise his pride up. Even though Reb Smolinsky and Dr. Flint have similar ways of treating Sara and Linda, the basis of their treatments have different sources. Dr. Flint does not study readings of the Torah or of any religion for that matter. He seems to be against it in some ways and does not attend church regularly until a certain point in the novel. His dictatorship is based upon the fact that Linda is a slave and he treats her so. He constantly reminds Linda that she is not free and never will be unless he is present in her life. Reb Smolinsky does base all of his rules around his religion and nothing else. He tries to make Sara and his entire family live their lives under the ruling of the Holy Torah. His strict attitude is always reflected by the Torah's dictations. Although both men have similar harsh attitudes and rules for their underlings, there are also many differences between these. The Holy Torah consists of standards which are considered "right" by Reb Smolinsky and he believes that one m ust live this way in order to obtain a place in Heaven. He constantly dictates Sara and the rest of the family by quoting the Holy Torah and reminding them that this is the right way to live and they must abide by it. Dr. Flint is not so concerned with obtaining a place in Heaven or

Tracking Legislation in Northern Virginia (ie Fairfax, Arlington, Essay

Tracking Legislation in Northern Virginia (ie Fairfax, Arlington, Alexandria) (Issues Transportation, Immigration, Guns, Taxes) - Essay Example The bill also removes a subsection that makes offenses in the rest of the section secondary offenses. This bill simply means that Virginia drivers ages 15, 16 and 17 will not be able to talk, send text, messages or snap photos with a phone while driving on Virginia roads. This ban, designed to reduce accidents, also will apply to hands-free devices but will allow teens to use a phone during an emergency. This HB 942 affects me and all the young road drivers who pass by the highways and roads of the State of Virginia. The bill puts a limit on the number of passengers one can bring with and it also institutes a driving clinic for errant young drivers. The first major provision of the bill states that "whenever the driving record of a person less than 19 years old shows that he has been convicted of committing, when he was less than 18 years old, (i) an offense for which demerit points have been assessed or are assessable under Article 19 ( 46.2-489 et seq.) of this chapter or (ii) a violation of any provision of Article 12 ( 46.2-1091 et seq.) or Article 13 ( 46.2-1095 et seq.) of Chapter 10 of this title, the Commissioner shall direct such person to attend a driver improvement clinic." The second major provision states that "If any person less than 19 years old is convicted a second time of committing, when he was less than 18 years old, (i) an offense for which demerit points have b een assessed or are assessable under Article 19 ( 46.2-489 et seq.) of this chapter or (ii) a violation of any provision of Article 12 ( 46.2-1091 et seq.) or Article 13 ( 46.2-1095 et seq.) of Chapter 10 of this title, the Commissioner shall suspend such person's driver's license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle for 90 days. Such suspension shall be consecutive to, and not concurrent with, any other period of license suspension, revocation or denial. The initial license issued to any person younger than 18 years of age shall be deemed a provisional driver's license. Until the holder is 18 years old, a provisional driver's license shall not authorize its holder to operate a motor vehicle with more than one passenger The general public is helped positively by this new bill since it reinforces the importance of road safety among Virginia' young drivers. The bill has a negative impact on young drivers since they have to forego the convenience of using wireless devices while driving. However, if one takes the importance of road safety at heart, the young people also benefit in terms of lives saved and the preservation of private property arising from damage due to potential road accidents. The main goal of a traffic safety program is dedicated to saving lives and reducing injuries by preventing traffic crashes in Virginia. The aim is the maximum protection of the driving public. The success of these efforts is seen in the number of lives saved and the injuries prevented. Traffic fatalities were identified as the leading cause of death, especially for young people between the ages of four and 34. The "years of life lost" as a result of these terrible events make their social costs particularly high. Many of these tragic losses of lives could have been prevented with better traffic safety bills. Virginia Governor Timothy M. Kaine wants more traffic safety bills in order to reduce accidents and injuries due to erring drivers. Traffic safety is an important issue since Virginia had suffered from many traffic accidents which had resulted in the loss of many lives. For instance, Virginia's 2004 rate of 1.17 fatalities per 100 million vehicle-miles of travel was lower than the national average of 1.44 per 100